Effects of different emulsifiers, Soy lecithin as a controller and Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) at 0,1 and 0,3% on a tempering method of dark chocolates was experimentally studied. The samples were prepared in the lab under the same conditions using a tempering method, the cooling curve represent the effect of the addition of a emulsifier about chocolate tempering behavior. The results show us certain emulsifiers of a PGPR group at 0,1% that conduct a better degree of temper of dark chocolates due to form good cooling curve with a zero slope during 2 minutes between 23,8 to 24,2 °C, where latent heat was off, finally the chocolate were solidificated, storaged and evaluated with respect to standard soy lecithin using in a chocolate production laboratory.

A bibliographic review was made about the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa and cocoa products, its effects in human health, forms of detections, permitted legal levels, preventive and control measures, to make a extension of knowledge of each actor in the value chain (as farmer, sellers, manufacturers, exporters, the government, customers and so on) respect to this important topic and its relation with human health, as well as, stimulate to farmers and processors, use of code of practice.

Through this research which aim is to relate the color variations of cocoa beans during the fermentation, drying and harvest time process, in an iqual time of cocoa pods storage. Was used for this evaluation the CIELAB system, which define the color as physical index and color model (L*, a* and b*), then was calculated color change (∆E*), at measure were giving the biochemical changes during the fermentation and drying process in cocoa beans of Cultivar Nativo from Piura. The average values of color for L* were 52,03 to 34,05; a* were 12,64 to 14,69 and for b* were 12,59 to 5,15 being variance non-significative for fermentation process of Cultivar Nativo cocoa beans during post-harvest. It is concluded ∆E* is different in drying for both harvest time (p<0,05) due to climatic conditions.

Effects of different emulsifiers, Soy lecithin as a controller and Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) at 0,1 and 0,3% on a tempering method of dark chocolates was experimentally studied. The samples were prepared in the lab under the same conditions using a tempering method, the cooling curve represent the effect of the addition of a emulsifier about chocolate tempering behavior. The results show us certain emulsifiers of a PGPR group at 0,1% that conduct a better degree of temper of dark chocolates due to form good cooling curve with a zero slope during 2 minutes between 23,8 to 24,2 °C, where latent heat was off, finally the chocolate were solidificated, storaged and evaluated with respect to standard soy lecithin using in a chocolate production laboratory.

A bibliographic review was made about the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa and cocoa products, its effects in human health, forms of detections, permitted legal levels, preventive and control measures, to make a extension of knowledge of each actor in the value chain (as farmer, sellers, manufacturers, exporters, the government, customers and so on) respect to this important topic and its relation with human health, as well as, stimulate to farmers and processors, use of code of practice.

Se estudió la relación de los valores que integran el color del grano de cacao durante los procesos de fermentación, secado y tiempo de cosecha, a un mismo tiempo de aguante en mazorca de cacao. Se utilizó el sistema de evaluación CIELAB, que define al color como índice físico y modelo cromático; se midieron los componentes del color (L*, a* y b*) y se calculó la variación del color (∆E*) a medida que se dieron los cambios bioquímicos durante la fermentación y el secado en el grano de cacao Cultivar Nativo de Piura. Los valores promedio del color comprendieron para L* de 52,03 a 34,05, a* de 12,64 a 14,69 y b* de 12,59 a 5,15, sin variación significativa en la fermentación del grano durante su beneficio. Se concluye que ∆E* es diferente en el secado para ambos tiempos de cosecha (p<0,05) debido a las condiciones climáticas.

Los granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) fueron sometidos a cuatro días de fermentación y siete días de secado natural. El contenido de polifenoles totales fue determinado por el método Folin-Ciocalteu. Los polifenoles más abundantes del cacao son metabolitos tipo catequinas flavonoides, antocianinas y proantocianinas. Estos son responsables de la actividad antioxidante y su concentración puede variar por factores de temperatura, fermentación, secado o efectos de la grasa que contiene. El contenido de polifenoles en el grano de cacao con y sin grasa fue 5,39±0,26% y 6,26±0,26%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, su capacidad antioxidante con y sin grasa fue 337,42±19,27 y 411,15±11,72 mM equivalentes a Trolox/g ms, respectivamente. El contenido de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante entre los granos grasos y desengrasados mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05), siendo los...

Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.), were processed to four days of fermentation and seven days of natural drying. The content of total polyphenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Most abundant polyphenols in cocoa are metabolits catechin flavonoid type, anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. Most of them are responsible for the antioxidant and their concentration may vary by factors such as temperature, fermentation, drying or effects due to fat content in the composition. Polyphenols content in cocoa bean with and without fat was 5,39±0,26% and 6,26±0,26%; respectively. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity with and without fat was 337,42±19,27 and 411,15±11,72 mM equivalents to TROLOX/g ms; respectively. The polyphenol content and antioxidante capacity between beans with and without fat showed significant differences (p<0,05), being defatted cocoa beans the high content of ...

Los granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) fueron sometidos a cuatro días de fermentación y siete días de secado natural. El contenido de polifenoles totales fue determinado por el método Folin-Ciocalteu. Los polifenoles más abundantes del cacao son metabolitos tipo catequinas flavonoides, antocianinas y proantocianinas. Estos son responsables de la actividad antioxidante y su concentración puede variar por factores de temperatura, fermentación, secado o efectos de la grasa que contiene. El contenido de polifenoles en el grano de cacao con y sin grasa fue 5,39±0,26% y 6,26±0,26%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, su capacidad antioxidante con y sin grasa fue 337,42±19,27 y 411,15±11,72 mM equivalentes a Trolox/g ms, respectivamente. El contenido de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante entre los granos grasos y desengrasados mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05), siendo ...