Introduction: In the feminization process, some male transsexuals use synthetic female hormones whose safety has not been defined in genetically male persons. Objectives: To evaluate the degree of knowledge, frequency of use, type of administration, adverse effects and source of information on female hormones in male transsexual persons. Design: Qualitative and quantitative community prospective study. Place: Lima. Participants: Male transsexuals 18 years old or older who had been using female hormones for 6 months or more. Interventions: Four trained male transsexuals identified new male transsexual by the ‘snow ball’ method. Then, subjects were interviewed, underwent physical examination, and a 10 mL blood sample was obtained. Main outcome measures: Level of knowledge, quality of information received, acquisition source, and side effects of female hormones. Results: Only 11.8% of t...

Introduction: It is possible that black race by itself would not be a risk factor for developing preeclampsia, but an indicator of other features. Black race is associated with poverty, malnutrition, hypertension, obesity and inadequate prenatal care. Objective: To determine black race as an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Design: Observational case control prospective study. Setting: Dos de Mayo National Hospital and Maternal Perinatal Institute, Lima, Peru. Participants: Preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Interventions: A standardized interview was applied to 338 preeclamptic pregnant women and 338 normotensive pregnant women, with a total population of 676. Black race was determined by both her phenotype and her report on ancestry racial characteristics. Association between black race and preeclampsia was determined using logistic regression. Main outcome measures...

Introduction: It is possible that black race by itself would not be a risk factor for developing preeclampsia, but an indicator of other features. Black race is associated with poverty, malnutrition, hypertension, obesity and inadequate prenatal care. Objective: To determine black race as an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Design: Observational case control prospective study. Setting: Dos de Mayo National Hospital and Maternal Perinatal Institute, Lima, Peru. Participants: Preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Interventions: A standardized interview was applied to 338 preeclamptic pregnant women and 338 normotensive pregnant women, with a total population of 676. Black race was determined by both her phenotype and her report on ancestry racial characteristics. Association between black race and preeclampsia was determined using logistic regression. Main outcome measures...