The coffee shell or pulp is the first by-product obtained from the processing of coffee. It represents approximately 40 to 50% of the coffee berry’s weight. Currently, in much of the industry, it is a waste product with a major environmental impact on the water and soil, flora and fauna, and a problem to nearby populations in terms of odor and proliferation of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. This is a review that compiles alternative uses of coffee pulp in agriculture, food and nutrition, medicine and biotechnology. In food and agriculture, for example, the pulp can be used as organic fertilizer to improve degraded soils, in the biological control of plant pathogens, as food or substrate for microorganisms and worms, as feed for chickens, sheep, goats, fish and other animals, and in the productions of foods and beverages for human consumption. In biotechnology, coffee pulp can b...

ABSTRACT Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO—Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)—was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT’s minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08–0.13). Antibacteria...

ABSTRACT Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is an often disease affecting piglets. It is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonization in pig gut. Antibiotics has been used to prevent, combat and control PWD and its negative impact on the productivity of pig breeding sector. Nonetheless, antibiotics due to their wide antibacterial spectrum also can reach beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Lately, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a potential alternative to using antibiotics in animal breeding because of their effect on bacterial growth. Commonly, citrus EOs are by-products of food industry and the availability of these EOs in the worldwide market is huge. Thus, six commercials citrus EOs were evaluated on ETEC strains, as model of pathogenic bacteria, and on Lactobacillus species, as models of beneficial bacteria. In overall, citrus EOs exhibited a select...

ABSTRACT Essential oils (EOs) have become a promising alternative to antibiotic use in animal breeding because of their biological properties. Citrus EOs, a by-product of citrus processing industries, could be a feasible alternative due to their vast production worldwide. Encapsulation techniques, such as microencapsulation, could enable EO application in animal feed, preserving EO bioactivity. This study analyzes the use of foodgrade polymers, chitosan and modified starch, for microencapsulation of a commercial citrus EO, Brazilian orange terpenes (BOT), by spray-drying. Physical properties characterization showed that the microencapsulated BOT (MB-OT) had a moisture content = 5.39 %, aw = 0.40 and bulk density = 0.42 g/mL. Overall, microparticles presented a slight irregular-spherical shape, with a mean diameter of 2.77 μm and high polydispersity. Encapsulation efficiency reached 61.1...

Essential oils (EOs) have turned a promising alternative to using antibiotics in poultry production due to their antimicrobial properties. EOs could effectively combat pathogenic bacteria affecting poultry. Particularly, Citrus EOs, a by-product of citrus processing industries, could be a feasible alternative to this end due to their vast availability in the global market. Enterococci are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in poultry, which can increase poultry mortality. On the other hand, Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria inhabiting the poultry gut and have health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a commercial citrus EO, Orange oil phase essence (OOPE), on Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus as well as to determine OOPE chemical composition. Results showed that OOPE inhibited E. faecalis and L...

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the interference of gynecological cancer screening in women aged 25-69 years, according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) for the years 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods:  Quantitative, observational, analytical cross- sectional study. It was a secondary database analysis obtained by ENDE for the years 2019 and 2020. Generalized linear Poisson family crude and adjusted models were used to estimate the association. The measure of association. The measure of association used was the adjusted prevalence ratio (Rpa) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: We worked with a total of 18,113 women aged 25-69 who were interviewed at the ENDES 2019-2020. In the descriptive analysis, it is observed that 19.3% did not take a PAP smear (PAP) and 53.6% did not perform “screening for breast cancer”. Women with a pr...

Huaro, district of the province of Quispicanchis, in the department of Cusco, at 3,100 m.a.s.l. Its climate is temperate, due to its geographical location protected by the mountains. Its recognition as a district dates back to 1952, through Law 11363, in which the population centers of Pukuto, Phinay, Pujyupampa and Sullumayo are also indicated as its annexes. Before the date indicated Huaro was simply an annex of Urcos, capital of the province that is 3 kms. away. By belonging to Quispicanchis and due to the geographical and climatological conditions noted, this district integrates the "maize subregion within the Quechua zone, as classified by Glave, to which Urubamba, Urquillos, Calca, Cusco, Canchis, Paucartambo also belong ( red corn and jora), Limatambo, Paruro and Pampa de Anta (small corn)".

El distrito de Santa Rosa de Ocopa pertenece a la provincia de Concepción, del Departamento de Junín. Se encuentra ubicado a la margen izquierda del río Mantaro, a una altura de 3,360 m.s.n.m. Su clima es templado y seco. Es un distrito de creación muy antigua y dentro de sus linderos se encuentra el Convento Franciscano de Santa Rosa. Al igual que los otros distritos del Valle del Mantaro se halla en estrecha relación con la ciudad capital del departamento que es Huancayo, principal centro de poder político, administrativo y comercial de la región. De Huancayo se llega a SRO después de 45 minutos de viaje en automóvil, a través de una carretera asfaltada.

En el presente estudio se evaluó la calidad de la resina obtenida a partir de una plantación de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis de 22 años de edad. La muestra formada por 27 árboles, fue colectada en el Fundo Ideal, localidad de Oxapampa, región de Pasco, se realizó mediante el método de resinación a vida por el sistema de pica de corteza ascendente con ácido sulfúrico, teniendo como variables de estudio, clase diámétrica, distancia entre picas y altura de línea base con 3 niveles cada una. Se obtuvieron los siguientes valores promedio: rendimiento de 238,9 g/árbol; contenido de humedad de 5,7%; densidad de 0,94 g/cm3; cenizas de 0,05%; índice de refracción de 1,52; índice de acidez de 223,40 e índice de saponificación de 217,93. En la obtención de la oleorresina se observó que la distancia entre picas tiene mayor influencia en el rendimiento, contenido de humedad, d...

Food choice is often influenced by extrinsic factors, which drive consumer perception of a given product or service. It is therefore critical to study them during the design of food packaging. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extrinsic factors on the expected acceptance, purchase intention and holistic perception of consumers of the popular Peruvian dessert mazamorra morada. Twelve stimuli were created by using a fractional factorial design considering packaging material, nutritional information, quality, convenience, and naturalness as factors, previously obtained by open-ended questions. Ninety-seven consumers answered an online survey indicating their expected acceptance, purchase intention and holistic perception. The results showed that the most salient factors for consumers, in terms of expected acceptance, purchase intention, and holistic per...

This research sought to contribute to the knowledge of the differences in the level of development of neuropsychological factors and cognitive processes in children with and without writing difficulties. Similarly, we wanted to see if there was an association between neuropsychological factors and processes involved in writing. Descriptive design was causal comparative, examining 80 children in third through sixth grade, studying in state schools of Callao using EPRE Test (Velarde, Canales, Melendez & Lingán, 2014), Child Neuropsychological Diagnostic Test Luria-DNI Test and Wechsler intelligence: WISC-IV. The results showed significant differences in all neuropsychological factors favoring the group without writing difficulties. Also, no relationship between most neuropsychological factors and psychological processes involved in writing. The instruments demonstrated their validity ...

La investigación buscó aportar en el conocimiento de las posibles diferencias en el nivel de desarrollo de los factores neuropsicológicos y los procesos cognitivos en niños con dificultades en la escritura y sin ellas. Igualmente, se quiso ver si existía una asociación entre los factores neuropsicológicos y los procesos que intervienen en la escritura. Se usó un diseño descriptivo causal comparativo, examinándose a 80 niños de tercero a sexto grado de primaria que estudiaban en instituciones educativas estatales del Callao con la Prueba EPRE (Velarde, Canales, Meléndez & Lingán, 2014), la Batería de Diagnóstico Neuropsicológico Infantil (Luria-DNI) y la Escala Intelectual de Weschler para Niños-WISC IV. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en todos los factores neuropsicológicos a favor del grupo sin dificultades en la escritura. También se halló un...

Firstly, this study aimed to determine the effect of adding nisin (0, 250 and 500 IU mL-1) and oregano essential oil (OEO) (0, 0.025% and 0.05%), alone or in combination, on Staphylococcus aureus load in cow’s milk. Next, it was evaluated the sensory, physicochemical and microbiological quality of fresh cheese (FC) manufactured with milk added of nisin + OEO (C1) or nisin alone (C2) compared to a control cheese (C0, milk without the addition of nisin or OEO). Results showed that adding nisin effectively reduced the S. aureus count in milk in a similar manner to adding way the combination of nisin + OEO compared to the control. FC quality evaluation results revealed that C1 and C2 did not alter the physicochemical quality of FC (pH, fat and total solids content) during storage (0-8 days) compared to the control. Furthermore, C1 and C2 reduced in a similar manner aerobic mesophilic bacte...

Objective. To determine the epidemiological and clinic characteristics of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of the pandemic group in Peru. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory records were searched in 100 cases of gastroenteritis caused by V parahaemolyticus, either of the pandemic or non pandemic group. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and statistical analysis was done to evaluate if the severity of illness was associated with the pandemic group. Results. Epidemiological data were collected in 85% of cases, and clinical data were only available in 37% of cases, mainly on those hospitalized. Cases associated with the pandemic strains had a higher probability of liquid stools (96.3% vs. 62.5%, p<0.05), moderate or severe dehydration (100% vs. 60%, p<0.05), and hospital care (98% vs. 42.9%, p<0.0001). Cases aged thirty or older were associat...

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