Trabajo de investigación presentado en la XXXVI Reunión de la Asociación Peruana de Producción Animal - APPA 2013, realizado del 04 al 06 de diciembre del 2013, Lima - Perú.

Se estudiaron 40 entradas de mauka, chago o miso, Mirabilis expansa (Nyctaginaceae), para determinar la variabilidad morfológica, la distribución geográfica y el comportamiento agronómico del germoplasma, colectado principalmente en el norte peruano (entre los 2300 y 3400 m de altitud) y mantenido en la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (7°29’45"S, 78°10’12"W, altitud 2670 m, 14 °C de temperatura diaria y 670 mm de lluvia anual). Se usaron 17 descriptores cualitativos de alta heredabilidad y se evaluaron siete componentes de rendimiento, durante tres campañas agrícolas. El fenograma generó cinco grupos o morfotipos (coeficiente de disimilitud de 0,0). Los morfotipos I, III y V se concentran en las provincias de Hualgayoc, San Miguel, Chota y Cajamarca. El morfotipo II probablemente es endémico de la Región La Libertad. La única entrada del sur del Perú (Puno), constituy...

This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites through faecal egg detection in children and dogs from three rural hamlets - La Chorrera, Cruz Pampa, and Chugurmayo - located in the Sorochuco district, Celendín province, Cajamarca region, Peru, at an altitude exceeding 3,400 meters above sea level. Faecal samples were collected from school-aged children and domestic dogs and analysed using direct smear, natural sedimentation, Faust, and Sheather techniques. Parasitic infection was detected in 59.80% of children (95% CI: 50.29–69.32) and 55.00% of dogs (95% CI: 44.10–65.90). No statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed between hamlets (p = 0.630). Among children, the highest prevalence was noted in males aged >6 to 9 years; in dogs, it was observed in males aged 0 to 1 year. However, age and sex were not significantly associat...

The causative agent of fasciolosis in South America is thought to be Fasciola hepatica. In this study, Fasciola flukes from Peru were analyzed to investigate their genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships with those from other countries. Fasciola flukes were collected from the three definitive host species: cattle, sheep, and pigs. They were identified as F. hepatica because mature sperms were observed in their seminal vesicles, and also they displayed Fh type, which has an identical fragment pattern to F. hepatica in the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1. Eight haplotypes were obtained from the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) sequences of Peruvian F. hepatica; however, no special difference in genetic structure was observed between the three host species. Its extremely low genetic diversity suggests that the Peruvian population was introduced from other reg...

Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), conocida como “tara” o “taya”, probablemente oriunda del Perú, crece desde el nivel de mar hasta los 3000 m s.n.m., y es importante por los taninos y la goma contenidos en sus vainas y semillas, respectivamente. Los objetivos fueron definir y validar los descriptores morfológicos de la plántula y caracterizar el germoplasma de “tara” de la región Cajamarca (58 entradas de nueve provincias) integrando descriptores de fruto, semilla y plántula. Se identificaron siete descriptores de plántula altamente discriminantes, siendo los del cotiledón los más importantes. La caracterización del germoplasma de “tara” de Cajamarca con 18 descriptores integrados (seis de fruto, cinco de semilla y siete de plántula) permitió un nuevo agrupamiento, en siete grupos, lo que indica estrecha variabilidad (86% de duplicados).

The apicomplexans of the genus Sarcocystis are parasites that infect various animal species, including humans. Both dogs and other carnivores can act as definitive hosts of this protozoan. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of Sarcocystis spp. in domestic dogs raised in three alpaca breeding areas in Cajamarca. Random fecal samples were collected from 102 dogs of different ages and both sexes in three locations related to alpaca breeding: Atahualpa Jerusalén Agricultural Workers Cooperative - Cajamarca (N = 35), SAIS Huacraruco - San Juan (N = 33), and Alpacas Project - Foncreagro - Sorochuco (N = 34). The samples were processed using the Sheather flotation technique. Through microscopic observation, ellipsoidal, light gray sporocysts with average dimensions of 13.87±1.61 µm in length and 9.12±1.05 µm in width were identified. In the data analysis, an overall frequen...

AIMS: To assess the comparative drug systemic exposure of a reference (RF) and four test (Test I, Test II, Test III and Test IV) formulations of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in heifers. METHODS: Thirty Holstein heifers were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 per group). Animals in the RF group received the reference formulation (Fasinex), and those in the other groups received different commercially available TCBZ formulations (Test I, Test II, Test III and Test IV). All treatments were orally administered at 12 mg/kg bodyweight. The concentrations of TCBZ metabolites in plasma between 0 and 168 hours after treatment were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO) and TCBZ-sulphone (TCBZ.SO2) were the only analytes recovered in plasma. Only the Test I formulation did not differ from the RF for all pharmacokinetic paramet...

The authors acknowledge CONCYTEC from Peru for the financial support.

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica, is the most prevalent parasitic disease in dairy cattle from the northern region of Cajamarca, Peru. The control of this parasite is based on the use of Triclabendazole (TCBZ), a drug that has been used for more than fifteen years in this area. Recent studies, however, have reported a lack of clinical efficacy after treating dairy cattle. This research was aimed to determine the efficacy of TCBZ in a clinical trial. Eleven dairy cows all positive to F. hepatica identified by presence of eggs in feces, were treated with TCBZ (Fasinex® 10%) at 12 mg/kg body weight. Fourteen and thirty days after treatment, the animals were analyzed for F. hepatica eggs in their feces by the fecal egg count reduction test. The results found show an overall efficacy of 31.05% and 13. 63% (14 and 30 days post treatment, respectively). Furthermore, an in vivo efficacy ...

Mesenteric ischaemia is a condition that may be very severe and potentially lethal particularly in the acute presentation. Early treatment is crucial. We present four consecutive cases managed by our team with thrombosis or dissection or aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk reviewing indications and treatment implemented. Multiple successful endovascular procedures were used in all cases avoiding progression to lethal consequences. None of the patients required an open surgical procedure. Therefore, endovascular procedures are feasible in these patients avoiding intestinal necrosis as well as the need for open surgeries.

Although oxfendazole (OFZ) is a well know broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, the assessment of its potential trematodicidal activity remains unexplored. OFZ administration at single high doses has been recommended to control Taenia solium cysticercus in pigs. The current study investigated the flukicidal activity obtained after a single high (30 mg/kg) oral dose of OFZ in pigs harbouring a natural Fasciola hepatica infection. Sixteen (16) local ecotype pigs were randomly allocated into two (2) experimental groups of 8 animals each named as follow: Untreated control and OFZ treated, in which animals received OFZ (Synanthic®, Merial Ltd., 9.06% suspension) orally at 30 mg/kg. At seven (7) days post-treatment, all the animals were sacrificed and direct adult liver fluke counts were performed following the WAAVP guidelines. None of the animals involved in this experiment showed any ...

Although oxfendazole (OFZ) is a well know broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, the assessment of its potential trematodicidal activity remains unexplored. OFZ administration at single high doses has been recommended to control Taenia solium cysticercus in pigs. The current study investigated the flukicidal activity obtained after a single high (30 mg/kg) oral dose of OFZ in pigs harbouring a natural Fasciola hepatica infection. Sixteen (16) local ecotype pigs were randomly allocated into two (2) experimental groups of 8 animals each named as follow: Untreated control and OFZ treated, in which animals received OFZ (Synanthic®, Merial Ltd., 9.06% suspension) orally at 30 mg/kg. At seven (7) days post-treatment, all the animals were sacrificed and direct adult liver fluke counts were performed following the WAAVP guidelines. None of the animals involved in this experiment showed any ...

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is a flukicidal halogenated benzimidazole compound extensively used in veterinary medicine. Liver fluke control in lactating dairy cattle is difficult because treatment should be implemented only during the dry period to avoid milk residues. However, control in endemic areas is usually implemented as regular treatments three to four times a year, even during the lactating period. Thus, information on TCBZ milk excretion and the risk of the presence of drug residues in fluid milk and milk-derivate products is essential. The experimental aims were to evaluate the comparative disposition kinetics of TCBZ and its sulpho-metabolites in plasma and milk in lactating dairy cattle after the oral administration (12 mg kg(-1)) of TCBZ and to assess the pattern of residues in cheese made with milk from treated dairy cows. Both TCBZ sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites but not T...

La temprana caracterización de la fibra de alpaca es esencial para permitir a los criadores seleccionar machos sobresalientes y establecer programas de reproducción adecuados. En este trabajo se determinaron las características de la fibra en alpacas Huacaya machos de la provincia de Cajamarca. Las alpacas estudiadas fueron provenientes de dos empresas alpaqueras. Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron la Media del Diámetro de la Fibra (MDF), el Coeficiente de Variación del Diámetro de la Fibra (CVDF), el Índice de Confort (IC), el Índice de Curvatura (ICur) y la Finura al Hilado (FiHi). Estas características se analizaron en relación con la procedencia y la edad de 80 animales de 1 a 3 años de edad, mediante el equipo de Lasercan. La MDF general fue de 22,6µm, el CVDF fue de 22,4%, la FiHi tuvo un valor de 22,3µm, el ICur un valor de 53,3°/mm, y el IC fue de 89,5%. Además, ...

The main goal of the current work was to develop and validate an in vitro fluke egg hatch test, as a method for the detection of albendazole (ABZ) resistance in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Fluke eggs (200/ml, n= 5) from six different isolates were used in the current experimental work. They were obtained from different geographical locations and named Cullompton (UK), CEDIVE (Chascomus, Argentina), INTA-Bariloche (Bariloche, Argentina), Rubino (Uruguay), Cajamarca (Perú) and Río Chico (Catamarca, Argentina). The fluke eggs were incubated (25°C) for a 12-h period in the presence of either ABZ or its sulphoxide metabolite (ABZ.SO) (5, 0.5 or 0.05 nmol/ml). Untreated eggs were incubated as a control. Incubated eggs (with or without drug present) were kept in darkness at 25°C for 15 days. Afterwards, the trematode eggs were exposed to daylight over a 2-h period. Hatched and unhat...