In recent years, the rapid technological development and the better knowledge of genetic and molecular aspects in medicine have allowed a better approach to understand, diagnose and treat various oncological diseases. Regarding lung carcinoma, there has been a remarkable evolution from the first classifications, which were purely morphological, to the last one issued in 2015. This last classification includes histological, immunophenotypic, molecular genetics, clinical and radiological information, which allows a better evaluation and therapeutic management of these patients. In the present article, the first classifications of lung carcinoma to the last one are reviewed, and the most relevant changes and the importance of the molecular genetics findings are examined for a better clinical and therapeutic approach.

Determina las alteraciones moleculares más frecuentemente descritas en carcinoma de pulmón, en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas entre los años 2007 y 2013. Se estudiaron 80 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma broncogénico de pulmón y con muestras patológicas disponibles, reevaluándose las características histológicas y realizándose pruebas moleculares para la determinación de mutación y deleción de EGFR y prueba de inmunohistoquímica para determinación de alteración de ALK, usando la clona D5F3. Del 45.0% de pacientes fueron hombres y 55.0% mujeres, siendo la edad promedio de 64.7 años. La mayoría de las pacientes tuvieron estadios clínicos avanzados (40% en estadio VI y 16.3% en estadio III). El tipo histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma acinar (31.3%) seguido por adenocarcinoma mixto (26.3%) y adenocarcinoma lepídico (21.3%)...

Introduction: Anaplastic Large T-Cell Lymphoma is an infrequent pathology, determined by the expression of CD30, with different characteristics in its presentation and being more aggressive according to the expression of ALK. Objectives: The present study seeks to determine the epidemiological, clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of patients with Anaplastic Large T-Cell Lymphoma. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Anaplastic Large T-Cell Lymphoma of the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) between 2006 and 2016. Results: The pathology of 86 patients was analyzed and reviewed, 57% were men and 33% women, of the total population 21.9% were positive for ALK. 48 of the patients were found in CD I and II and 36 between stages III and IV. 57 patients had low or low-intermediate risk, while 26 had high-intermediate and high risk. The ...

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Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain neoplasms in children. Immunohistochemical(IHC) markers can determine a molecular classification, using the markers GAB1, YAP1, β-catenin, P53, and Ki67. The classification of these neoplasms into molecular groups has proven to be clinically and therapeutically significant. The clinical outcomes of medulloblastoma include death, adverseeffects or conditions, and tumor recurrence. The objective of this research was to determine the individual association between the IHC markers used for molecular group classification and the clinical outcome in patients with medulloblastoma treated at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN - National Institute of Child Health) during the period 2013–2022. The population consisted of 58 patients. The individual IHC expression of GAB1, YAP1, β-catenin, p53, and Ki67 in paraffin-embedded biops...

Objective. The main of this research was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, no other specification (DLBCL, NOS) in a cohort of Peruvian patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2009. Methods. Seventy-two cases diagnosed with DLBCL, NOS, were studied at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated and overall survival (OS) and other clinical parameters were compared according to cell of origin, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of MYC and BCL2. Results. There were 54 % women and 46 % men, with an average age of 65 years. 76 % were nodal, the majority cervical, and 24 % extranodal, with the stomach being the most affected site. The most frequent stages were II (35 %) and III (29 %), the majority with medium-high and high IPI. Histologically, almost a...

Objective. To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (LCBGD, NOS), in a cohort of peruvian patients. Methods. Seventy-two cases with a diagnosis of LCBGD, NOS, were studied at the INEN. Clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS) and other clinical parameters were evaluated according to origin cell, Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBER), and the immunohistochemical expression (IHC) of MYC and BCL2. Results. There were 54% women and 46% men, with an average age of 65 years. 76% were ganglionic, the majority cervical location and 24% extranodal, the stomach being the most affected. The most frequent stages were II (35%) and III (29%), the majority with medium-high and high IPI. Histologically, almost all cases had centroblastic and immunoblastic morphology. There was a similar proportion of cases with germinal...

Objective: Various studies on Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) have determined programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, with variable results. This protein has gained relevance for its role in theimmune response in malignant neoplasms. This work aimed to determine PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in HRS cells and its relationship with age, sex, clinical stage and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of Peruvian patients. Materials and methods: Twenty-five (25) biopsies from patients diagnosed with HL were assessed, which allowed determining PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in HRS cells in relation to OS and clinical data of the patients. Results: All cases showed PD-L1 expression in more than 1 % of tumor cells. There was no statistically significant difference in OS when two groups were compared in terms of PD-L1 expression with a cut-off poi...

Background: Several reviews and guidelines on the management of Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) have been published; however, treatment strategies for patients with MF/SS vary from institution to institution and among countries. There are few phase III trials to support treatment decisions for MF/SS and treatment is often determined by institutional experience. Objetive: In order to summarise the available evidence and review best practices, Peruvian Consensus met in September 2004 to establish guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MF/SS. Results:This article reviews hystopatologic, clinic and therapeutic criteria of MF/SS.

Background: Several reviews and guidelines on the management of Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) have been published; however, treatment strategies for patients with MF/SS vary from institution to institution and among countries. There are few phase III trials to support treatment decisions for MF/SS and treatment is often determined by institutional experience. Objetive: In order to summarise the available evidence and review best practices, Peruvian Consensus met in September 2004 to establish guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MF/SS. Results:This article reviews hystopatologic, clinic and therapeutic criteria of MF/SS.