The resolution of triangular systems is a computational nucleus widely used in various scientific applications. This research performs the implementation and comparison of several parallel algorithms against an efficient sequential algorithm for solving triangular systems. The algorithms are distinguished by the way of partitioning the matrix and the allocation to the processors. The analysis of the behavior of the algorithms is performed in the solution of systems of linear superior triangular equations in a cluster of computers. For this, the arithmetic time, communication time, speed-up, and maximum efficiency metrics are taken into account. Experiments were performed for each algorithm with different matrix sizes on various processors. The algorithm with the best results was the one that blocks the rows of the matrix and applies a cyclical distribution in the cluster.

Precise crown segmentation is essential for assessing structure, competition, and productivity in agroforestry systems, but delineation is challenging due to canopy heterogeneity and variability in aerial imagery. This study analyzes how flight height and orientation affect segmentation accuracy in an agroforestry system of the Peruvian Amazon, using RGB images acquired with a DJI Mavic Mini 3 Pro UAV and the instance-segmentation models YOLOv8 and YOLOv11. Four flight heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 m) and two orientations (parallel and transversal) were analyzed in an agroforestry system composed of Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke, Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook.f. ex K.Schum., and Virola pavonis (A.DC.) A.C. Sm. Results showed that a flight height of 60 m provided the highest delineation accuracy (F1 ≈ 0.88 for YOLOv8 and 0.84 for YOLOv11), indicating an optimal balance be...

Most of the problems concerning the fluids flow in conduits and tubes they imply the prediction of the conditions in a section of a system, when the conditions of some other section are known. In any section of this system, generally we are worried about the pressure of the fluid, the speed of the flow and the elevation of the section. In a line of pipe in series the loss of total energy is the sum of the great and small individual losses. This affirmation is in agreement with the principle of which the equation of the energy is a way to both take into account all the energy in the system between points. The nature parallel systems requires that the technique used for their analysis is different from which is used in series in the analysis of the systems. In general, a parallel system can have any number of branches. It stops most of the problems of this type, the objective is to determi...