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Programa para conocer la importancia y beneficios de registrar las creaciones ante la Dirección de derecho de autor del Indecopi.
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The following research is the beginning of a larger work, developed under the narrative of the essay, aims to identify the most relevant aspects of video games aimed at recreating warlike events of great historical importance, such as world wars. Among the most notable aspects that this research offers is the  identification and delimitation of possible boundaries for the analysis of video games. Considering them as historical sources, since they are social creations, they recreate and generate a perception of situations or facts of reality, under the veil of fun, recreation, entertainment and fantasy. In these pages, we will approach the scope and limitations of the study of video games, through the brief observation of three of them, which set or recreate some moments of the wars of wars in the twentieth century. Through this we will observeits usefulness as a source, complement a...
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The internal war that took place in Peru for two decades brought silence as one of its consequences. In this article we try to classify silence or aspects of silence. This classification, based on the experiences described in the Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR, 2003), distinguishes an instrumental silence or silence for; a silence caused by the terrible events that took place or silence from; a silence resulting from the absence of important relations for an intimate communication, like relatives or friends, or silence with; and finally, a more profound silence, less describable, more personal but less manageable, simply a silence.
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The author maintains that there is a total lack of interest in spatial analysis on the part of societies, and that the set of geographic knowledge is only used by those who hold power. Said laziness about geographic issues is mainly due to school geography and spectacle geography, which dress geographic science with a contemplative, passive and disinterested cloak, or, better said, uselessness. To these factors, daily and academic activities are added, which together move us away from the definition that knowledge related to space is a powerful instrument to wage war and to exercise power.
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On April 2, 1982, the Malvinas War began, in which Argentina confronted the United Kingdom to recover the Malvinas Islands. It occurred within the framework of the last military dictatorship, so that the dictatorship and the war are intertwined in social memory (Guber, 2001; Lorenz, 2009). The objective is to study the discursive representation of the war in personal letters written on the battle front in order to make the voice of the soldiers visible. We focus, in particular, on the available meanings activated by the protagonists in relation to their participation in the conflict. The analysis of the texts takes systemic functional linguistics (Halliday, 1982, 1985) as a base theory. It also integrates the analysis of argumentation (Carrizo, 2012, 2019) and the structures of participation and interactional positioning (Goffman, 1974, 1981) from the perspective of strategic discourse a...
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While actions leading to environmental degradation already have global consequences threatening the very existence of humanity, the war in Ukraine has once again proved the effectiveness of existing international environmental protection mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing international environmental protection mechanisms from the perspective of the possibility of criminalizing the crime of ecocide. Based on the analysis of the domestic law of countries that have incorporated ecocide as a crime, it follows that national approaches to addressing this issue depend on historical conditions and have significant differences. These differences hinder the prosecution of ecocide in the absence of appropriate international legal mechanisms, while the consequences of ecocide cause global damage. An analysis of the state of international regulations has shown that despite t...
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The present article studies the perspectives of the education of the war of 1879 that develop the teachers of basic education of the region of Tarapacá in Chile. In this sense, teachers implement the school curriculum, textbooks and their contents so that basic education students acquire knowledge that will be internalized for the reproduction of Chilean citizenship in a space that was conquered in Peru during the war of the Peaceful. These contents constitute a way to socialize the Chilean national identity and the valuation of events and patriotic heroes of the conflict in order to generate identity and belonging links to the concept of homeland in the students through the war stories.
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El centenario de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883) aparte de servir para un despliegue de retorismo, ha motivado también aportes significativos para la comprensión de nuestra evolución histórica, entre los cuales destaca con nitidez la tesis que Nelson Manrique, egresado del Postgrado de Ciencias Sociales, sustentó en noviembre de 1979, con el título Campesinado y nación: la sierra central del Perú durante la Guerra del Pacífico. Presentamos este comentario adelantándonos a su edición como libro y convencidos que sus lectores compartirán nuestro entusiasmo por el texto.
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En este número Allpanchis asume el reto de abordar un problema fundamental, sobre el cual existen muy pocos estudios y casi ningún debate: campesinado y violencia política en los Andes. Como para recalcar la languidez de este debate en las ciencias sociales peruanas, el eje del número lo constituye un polémico artículo del antropólogo norteamericano Orin Starn, comentado y criticado por sus colegas y paisanos: Frank Salomon, Linda Seligman, Mark Thurner, Deborah Poole y Gerardo Rénique, este último peruano residente en los EEUU. A ellos se suma Juan Ansión, "desconcertado e irritado" según confesión propia, ante este ajuste de cuentas entre norteños. 
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The following research is the beginning of a larger work, developed under the narrative of the essay, aims to identify the most relevant aspects of video games aimed at recreating warlike events of great historical importance, such as world wars. Among the most notable aspects that this research offers is the  identification and delimitation of possible boundaries for the analysis of video games. Considering them as historical sources, since they are social creations, they recreate and generate a perception of situations or facts of reality, under the veil of fun, recreation, entertainment and fantasy. In these pages, we will approach the scope and limitations of the study of video games, through the brief observation of three of them, which set or recreate some moments of the wars of wars in the twentieth century. Through this we will observeits usefulness as a source, complement a...
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Un año promisor no era 1822 para los pobladores de la sierra central. Al acercarse el tercer aniversario del inicio de la guerra, Chile controlaba el mar; el ejército perano había sido destruido y luego de la debacle de San Juan y Miraflores, la capital había sido ocupada. Aun más, el desconocimiento de Piérola como interlocutor para negociar la paz, por el alto mando chileno, había abierto el camino para que los civilistas nombrasen un nuevo gobierno que, inicialmente repudiado por todo el país, finalmente había sido aceptado gracias, principalmente, a la intensa actividad desplegada por el ministro norteamericano Mr Hurlbut.
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Little significance has been given to the important role played by journalism during the previous trial to the Chilean’s War Declaratory against Peru and Bolivia. In the same way to the journalists, the war stringer who were sent by the newspapers with the aim of covering warlike events including naval procedures. Among them, there were four journalists who kept their readers updated with the most patriotic and shocking columns. For instance, we must never forget names like Del Campo, Neto, Reyes and Horta.
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El Dr. Althaus estudia la configuración delEstado y la sociedad chilenas en la época de la Guerra del Pacífico en base a la siguiente hipótesis:"En Chile existía un abismo social y sobre ese abismo se erguía un Estado moderno para la época y modernizante. . . El abismo social en Chile era de distintas características al abismo social peruano y va a ser factor influyente en el desencadenamiento de la guerra, y el Estado modernizante chileno aparentemente se parecía a algunos Estados modernizantes europeos, pero en la realidad se diferencide éstos en que autolimitó su modernización, sobretodo después de la guerra, o quizás su modernización estaba en parte limitada por la situación de Chile frente a países capitalistas avanzados". El trabajo realiza este estudio a partir del método histórico-jurídico, combinado con la aproximación sociológica. Hace un perfil del sistem...
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The initial words of Plato’s Gorgias constitute an important clue to understanding the literary and philosophical characterizations of the figure of Callicles inside the Platonic dialogue. The fact that Plato begins with a greeting from Callicles in which war and confrontation are explicitly mentioned shows how important these activities are for this figure. The rest of the dialogue has the function of developing this aspect of Callicles’ soul. Calicles makes clear—both through his words and actions in the ensuing conversation—that he defends a way of life defined by honor and public recognition in the political realm, by the subjugation of others, and by the satisfaction of all kinds of appetites and desires—all considered constitutive elements of a happy life. In this sense, the first words of the dialogue offer us a first glimpse of the figure of Callicles which coheres with...
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Transmedia communication has achieved an important evolution and relevance in the last years, being considered by producers and organizations as a key strategy in the development of new projects, known through a diversity of media and platforms. At the same time, this process is influenced by a participative culture made up the prosumers. In this paper, we want to know how and what contribution brings the variety of media in the construction of transmedia worlds. Therefor it is planted as object of study the media ecosystem of Marvel´s Civil War; the comic began as a crossover and now it can be considered one of the transmedia storytelling more complete and complex cases in relation with the multiplicity of media involved. 
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Transmedia communication has achieved an important evolution and relevance in the last years, being considered by producers and organizations as a key strategy in the development of new projects, known through a diversity of media and platforms. At the same time, this process is influenced by a participative culture made up the prosumers. In this paper, we want to know how and what contribution brings the variety of media in the construction of transmedia worlds. Therefor it is planted as object of study the media ecosystem of Marvel´s Civil War; the comic began as a crossover and now it can be considered one of the transmedia storytelling more complete and complex cases in relation with the multiplicity of media involved. 
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In regard to the espionage committed by Chile against Peru between 2004 and 2009, this article examines some characteristics of the militarism, the arms race and geopolitical expansion of Chile, after the Pacific War (1879) that separated from Peru and Bolivia the provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapacá and Arica. Henceforth, the history between Chile and Peru, was developed based on a dichotomous victor-vanquished relationship in which prevails attitudes of pride, arrogance, threats and unbridled arms race, hostility and warmongering, militarism fueled by the greedy Pinochetist military caste that still exert a masked tutelage on the Chilean democracy, and on the other hand, resentment, mistrust and fear present among Peruvians. This reality has become a highlight in the discovery of a spy ring against Peru paid by Chile, having engaged the services of a peruvian military officer in service...
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In regard to the espionage committed by Chile against Peru between 2004 and 2009, this article examines some characteristics of the militarism, the arms race and geopolitical expansion of Chile, after the Pacific War (1879) that separated from Peru and Bolivia the provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapacá and Arica. Henceforth, the history between Chile and Peru, was developed based on a dichotomous victor-vanquished relationship in which prevails attitudes of pride, arrogance, threats and unbridled arms race, hostility and warmongering, militarism fueled by the greedy Pinochetist military caste that still exert a masked tutelage on the Chilean democracy, and on the other hand, resentment, mistrust and fear present among Peruvians. This reality has become a highlight in the discovery of a spy ring against Peru paid by Chile, having engaged the services of a peruvian military officer in service...
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This article aims to analyze the political conduct of the Peruvian Chinese during the Pacific War. We will delve into the process of incorporating a Chinese unit into the Chilean army as an auxiliary force and its oath on the eve of the battles for the Peruvian capital in January 1881. The sources consist of eyewitness accounts of the ceremony, all of whom were Westerners: Chilean officers, journalists, and some European military observers. Early accounts of the Pacific War from Chilean and Peruvian authors, specifically Vicuña Mackenna and Paz Soldán, respectively, will also be utilized. Finally, we will analyze 19th-century Chinese newspapers containing letters from the coolies discussing their situation in Peru and the war with Chile. The research findings are as follows: The rite was 100% Chinese. It was not related to Chilean or Peruvian patriotic identity but rather to the immine...
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This article argues that the War on Drugs (WOD) is globally unjust because states violate their negative duty to not harm people by imposing a coercive institutional order in which the object of human rights is not secure to all members of society. Using Plan Colombia as a case study and Thomas Pogge’s global justice theory, the article examines how militarized drug strategies, promoted by the United States and adopted by Colombia, have led to human rights violations without achieving the desired goal of ending drug trafficking. The analysis shows that the WOD criminalizes vulnerable communities affected by poverty, state neglect, and armed conflict. Moreover, these policies fail to address the structural causes of drug production and trafficking, reinforce global inequalities rooted in colonial disparities and exploitation, and do not confront the impact of demand from the Global Nort...