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international requirements » nutritional requirements (Expander búsqueda), international agreements (Expander búsqueda), international instruments (Expander búsqueda)
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artículo
In this article, the author intends to look into the identity of the legality requirement in international investment arbitration. For this purpose, first, the author offers a formulation of the legality requirement. Second, he provides a legal justification of the requirement based on the elements that make it up part of it as well as the rationale of international investment law. Finally, the author points out some consequences that follow the proposed justification. The author uses relevant arbitral awards in order to contrast the justification proposed with the on-going practice of arbitral tribunals, arguing that the legality requirement is an expression of the validity requirement of the investment as an object of protection under international investment law.
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artículo
In this article, the author intends to look into the identity of the legality requirement in international investment arbitration. For this purpose, first, the author offers a formulation of the legality requirement. Second, he provides a legal justification of the requirement based on the elements that make it up part of it as well as the rationale of international investment law. Finally, the author points out some consequences that follow the proposed justification. The author uses relevant arbitral awards in order to contrast the justification proposed with the on-going practice of arbitral tribunals, arguing that the legality requirement is an expression of the validity requirement of the investment as an object of protection under international investment law.
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artículo
Publicado 2015
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The independent auditors periodically publish reports that summarize the audit results. These reports reinforce the financial communication and reliability of accounting information. International Standards on Auditing (ISA) determine the content of audit reports and the quality of audit results. Theoretically, the audit standardization must model intelligible and clear reports for readers. Compliance with linguistic principles contributes to the improvement of the structure of audit reports. In practice, the effectiveness of these reports is criticized because users do not understand the audit information. In order to improve the content of audit reports, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) had revised International Standards on Auditor's report: ISA 700: Forming an opinion and reporting on financial statements. Linguistically, standardized audit reports could be unreadable b...
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artículo
Publicado 2015
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The independent auditors periodically publish reports that summarize the audit results. These reports reinforce the financial communication and reliability of accounting information. International Standards on Auditing (ISA) determine the content of audit reports and the quality of audit results. Theoretically,the audit standardization must model intelligible and clear reports for readers. Compliance with linguistic principles contributes to the improvement of the structure of audit reports. In practice, the effectiveness of these reports is criticized because users do not understand the audit information. In order to improve the content of audit reports, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) had revised International Standards on Auditor’s report: ISA 700: Forming an opinion and reporting on financial statements. Linguistically, standardized audit reports could be unreadable ...
6
artículo
Publicado 2025
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In this paper you will find the identification of the main disadvantages of agreeing to a staggered arbitration clause, as well as the tools available to us in international arbitration so that the arbitration phase is not avoided. Likewise, there are proposals to take into consideration when agreeing these clauses, in order to promote that the parties settle their disputes instead of having a third party do it. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
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artículo
Publicado 2025
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In this paper you will find the identification of the main disadvantages of agreeing to a staggered arbitration clause, as well as the tools available to us in international arbitration so that the arbitration phase is not avoided. Likewise, there are proposals to take into consideration when agreeing these clauses, in order to promote that the parties settle their disputes instead of having a third party do it. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
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objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2022
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The aim of this study is to determine which factors (such as motivation, interest, language ability or context) lead Japanese university students to interact in English with Foreign university students. The study targeted 128 Japanese undergraduate university students, executing a survey as research method to gather data about their preferences, experiences, and expectations towards interaction with international students in English. Further, specific questions aimed to collect information about the ideal non-classroom interaction situation. Content Analysis method (内容分析) was applied, and the answers were finally grouped in five main categories: Individuality (1 on 1 interaction), External Physical approach, Motivation, and interest (to interact), ‘Adequate’ place and time and ‘Adequate’ Language Ability. Interpretation of the data allows us to say that the students’ re...
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objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2020
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPN por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
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artículo
Publicado 2020
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Develop an insertion plan for black maca cookies to the canadian market. The investigation done was not experimental. To develop this paperwork we rely on past investigations made. The development of an export plan allows the easy insertion of cookies made of back maca. Canada is a convenience market because the consumers have preference for organic products. The international fairs are fundamental tools because it allows the meet between the exporter and importer.
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artículo
Publicado 2020
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Develop an insertion plan for black maca cookies to the canadian market. The investigation done was not experimental. To develop this paperwork we rely on past investigations made. The development of an export plan allows the easy insertion of cookies made of back maca. Canada is a convenience market because the consumers have preference for organic products. The international fairs are fundamental tools because it allows the meet between the exporter and importer.
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objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2021
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ABSTRACT There are several technological solutions currently available in the market that allow customers/citizens to digitally sign electronic documents through their smartphones. Regardless of how user-friendly they are, most of these platforms use proprietary schemes designed for particular use cases, which could not necessarily be applied to open, interoperable scenarios and where there could be legal consequences. To establish a general framework that may provide manufacturers with minimum safety, reliability, and legal requirements, several international organizations have proposed standards for both manufacturers and potential users. Within this context, this paper presents, for the first time in Peru, a list of security, privacy, and interoperability requirements for remote digital signature for the Peruvian state. This research was based on features of the current state of the a...
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artículo
Publicado 2019
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In Peru, the news and Contraloría General de la República del Perú, reported public works are executed without the participation of the key personnel from the supervising company, the latter evidenced is that in eleven public words of the type: sanitation, urban habilitation, building and roads, the personnel absent It is 60%, despite the fact that the investment is more than thirty million dollars. Reviewing the requirement prepared by the Entities, it was noted that they do not define the participation, functions and information generated by the professionals requested, due to the fact that Peruvian laws do not require such requirements for the proper management of the contract and the quality of the work. Finally, improvements are proposed to the Peruvian laws norm considering the internal control standards, a methodology recommended by the Project Management Institute, considering...
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artículo
Publicado 2023
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Introduction: Hospitals of greater complexity tend to care for patients with advanced chronic diseases, which is why it is important to recognize the need for palliative care. Objective: To identify the proportion of patients who require palliative care in the medicine department of a Peruvian referral hospital. Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. All hospitalized patients were studied in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Peruvian hospital during the period April-May 2018. To determine the need for palliative care, the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO © instrument was used. The quantitative variables are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR); and numerical variables, such as frequencies and percentages. For the comparison of numerical variables, the Mann Whitney test was used and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: They were evaluated ...
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objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2018
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The nature of the software requirements is subjective and varied. For this reason the level of complexity increases according to the volume, especially when the requirements are made in a natural language. Therefore obtain quality software requirements that are understandable and unambiguous in the Spanish language becomes a necessity.
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artículo
Publicado 2004
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In labour law, the formation of trade unions is an essential right for workers, insofar as it enables them to obtain representation and protection of their interests. However, a number of questions arise on this issue. For example, what is the minimum number of members required to form a trade union? More importantly, can the exercise of the fundamental right to organise be made conditional? This paper discusses the requirement of a minimum number of members for the formation of company unions. Although the author is emphatic in pointing out that a minimum number should not be required because such a situation ends up affecting the right to organise, he also recognises that the minimum number of twenty affiliated workers, which is recognised in the current regulations, should continue to be maintained, albeit temporarily. This position is adopted after an exhaustive review of the state o...
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artículo
Publicado 2004
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In labour law, the formation of trade unions is an essential right for workers, insofar as it enables them to obtain representation and protection of their interests. However, a number of questions arise on this issue. For example, what is the minimum number of members required to form a trade union? More importantly, can the exercise of the fundamental right to organise be made conditional? This paper discusses the requirement of a minimum number of members for the formation of company unions. Although the author is emphatic in pointing out that a minimum number should not be required because such a situation ends up affecting the right to organise, he also recognises that the minimum number of twenty affiliated workers, which is recognised in the current regulations, should continue to be maintained, albeit temporarily. This position is adopted after an exhaustive review of the state o...
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artículo
Publicado 2019
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Natural variability and change of the Earth’s climate have significant global societal impacts. With its large heat and carbon capacity and relatively slow dynamics, the ocean plays an integral role in climate, and provides an important source of predictability at seasonal and longer timescales. In addition, the ocean provides the slowly evolving ower boundary to the atmosphere, driving, and modifying atmospheric weather. Understanding and monitoring ocean climate variability and change, to constrain and initialize models as well as identify model biases for improved climate hindcasting and prediction, requires a scale-sensitive, and long-term observing system. A climate observing system has requirements that significantly differ from, and sometimes are orthogonal to, those of other applications. In general terms, they can be summarized by the simultaneous need for both large spatial a...
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artículo
Publicado 2021
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Within international investment arbitrations, international protection is usually denied to investments that have been made through acts of corruption as the majority of the investment arbitration tribunals do not assume jurisdiction or the claims are considered inadmissible. These decisions, inevitably and indirectly, lead to the exoneration of international responsibility of the defendant States due to the corruption of their public officials, even when these illicit acts are not configured unilaterally, existing, in most cases, shared responsibility between the investor and the State. By not sanctioning corruption, the current crisis in the investment dispute resolution system is aggravated, which, on the contrary, requires urgent and consensual solutions to guarantee a viable reform. Faced with this worrying scenario, this article examines mechanisms to achieve the confluence between...
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artículo
Publicado 2021
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Within international investment arbitrations, international protection is usually denied to investments that have been made through acts of corruption as the majority of the investment arbitration tribunals do not assume jurisdiction or the claims are considered inadmissible. These decisions, inevitably and indirectly, lead to the exoneration of international responsibility of the defendant States due to the corruption of their public officials, even when these illicit acts are not configured unilaterally, existing, in most cases, shared responsibility between the investor and the State. By not sanctioning corruption, the current crisis in the investment dispute resolution system is aggravated, which, on the contrary, requires urgent and consensual solutions to guarantee a viable reform. Faced with this worrying scenario, this article examines mechanisms to achieve the confluence between...
