Pulmonary tuberculosis as a factor associated with intrauterine growth restriction at the San Bartolomé National Teaching Mother and Child Hospital in Lima

• Autores: Castro-Bonilla, Elizabeth, Vilchez-Guzman, Lucia, Cvetković Vega, Aleksandar
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/516
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/516
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Fetal Growth Retardation; Pregnancy; Maternal Health; Neonatology; Maternal Age; Tuberculosis Pulmonar; Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal; Salud Materna; Neonatología; Edad Materna

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) during pregnancy represents a clinical challenge due to its potential association with adverse perinatal outcomes, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Objectives. To evaluate the relationship between maternal pulmonary TB and the presence of IUGR in pregnant women treated at a referral hospital in Lima. Methods. This was an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study conducted at the National Teaching Hospital “Madre Niño San Bartolomé” (HNDMN SB) in Lima. A total of 184 pregnant women aged 15 to 35 years were analyzed. Multiple pregnancies, congenital malformations, or unconfirmed cases of IUGR were excluded. The dependent variable was IUGR, defined as an estimated fetal or neonatal weight below the 10th percentile. The independent variable was clinically confirmed pulmonary TB. Poisson regression with robust variance was applied, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results. The prevalence of TB was 50.5%. IUGR was associated with female sex, dystocic delivery, and lower neonatal weight, height, and head circumference (p<0.001). Pulmonary TB was not associated with a higher prevalence of IUGR (aPR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.92; p=0.023). Gestational age was identified as a protective factor against IUGR (aPR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.82–0.96; p=0.003). No significant associations were found with maternal age or prenatal care. Conclusion. Maternal pulmonary TB was not associated with an increased risk of IUGR in this cohort, possibly due to timely clinical management. Gestational age showed a protective effect against IUGR