PREVALENCIA HOSPITALARIA DE ABORTO EN EL PERÚ (2000–2010): VARIACIONESGEOGRÁFICAS, ALTITUDINALES Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS

• Autores: Tapia Aguirre, Vilma, Nuñez Paiva, Rosa, Pacora Portella, Percy, Gonzales Rengifo, Gustavo
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/487
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/487
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Abortion, Spontaneous; prevalence; altitude; risk factors; Peru; Aborto espontáneo; prevalencia; altitud; factores de riesgo; Perú

Introduction. Abortion, defined as pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestation, is the most common obstetric complication and requires population-level monitoring. Objectives. This study estimated the hospital-based prevalence of abortion in Peru from 2000 to 2010 and examined variations by region, altitude, and associated factors. Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data from 44 hospitals of the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA) recorded in the Perinatal Information System (SIP) between 2000 and 2010. Cases included pregnancy losses before 22 weeks, while controls were uncomplicated term pregnancies with healthy newborns. Exposure variables included nutritional, social, psychological, vascular, infectious, metabolic, and residential factors. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results. From 2000 to 2010, the prevalence of abortion was 11.73%. Prevalence increased with altitude, from 10.9% (0–999 meters above sea level) to 13.9% (3000–4500 m). Abortion was associated with early vaginal bleeding (OR: 67.20; 95% CI: 65.50–69.00), anemia (OR: 6.30; 95% CI: 5.99–6.64), parity ≥6 (OR: 3.46; 95% CI: 3.23–3.71), nulliparity (vs. ≥1 delivery; OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 2.06–2.18), residence in the jungle region (vs. coast; OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.39–2.54), and maternal age >34 years (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.50–1.61). Inverse associations were found with urinary tract infection (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.35–0.38), body mass index >25 kg/m² (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.77–0.82), and height <156 cm (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.71–0.75). Conclusion. The findings revealed a higher prevalence of abortion in the highlands and jungle regions, with an altitudinal gradient. Therefore, public health planning should prioritize surveillance, anemia control, and psychosocial interventions.