ESTIMACIÓN DEL CAMBIO EN EL PESO NEONATAL SEGÚN LA ADECUACIÓN DELA GANANCIA PONDERAL GESTACIONAL EN GESTANTES DEL HOSPITAL MARÍAAUXILIADORA, 2022–2024

• Autores: Carranza Aldana , Angello Miguel, Guzmán Calcina, Carmen Sandra
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/496
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/496
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Birth Weight; gestational weight gain; pregnancy complications; cesarean section; maternal health; Peso al Nacer; ganancia de peso gestacional; complicaciones del embarazo; salud materna

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maternal weight directly influences fetal growth and birth weight, with implications for perinatal health. Objective: To estimate the variation in birth weight according to the adequacy of gestational weight gain in Peruvian pregnant women. Methods: Analytical, retrospective case-control study conducted between 2022 and 2024 at Hospital María Auxiliadora (Lima, Peru). A total of 196 newborns were included: cases with fetal macrosomia (≥4 000 g) and controls with adequate weight. Multiple pregnancies, preterm, post-term, or incomplete records were excluded. The dependent variable was the difference in grams between neonatal weight and 4 000 g. The main independent variable was the difference in maternal kilograms relative to the gestational weight gain recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), adjusted for pregestational body mass index. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate average changes in crude and adjusted birth weight, incorporating as covariates: maternal age, prenatal care, neonatal sex, and history of macrosomia. β coefficients, 95 % confidence intervals, and p-values <0.05 were used for inference. Results: For each additional kilogram of maternal weight gain above the recommended value, birth weight increased by an average of 39 g (95%CI: 20.86 to 57.80; p<0.001). A history of previous macrosomia was associated with an average increase of 590 g (95%CI: 327.42 to 853.33; p<0.001). No significant associations were found with maternal age, neonatal sex, or prenatal care. Conclusions: Excessive gestational weight gain and a history of macrosomia are factors that significantly increase birth weight. Prenatal care should strengthen monitoring of maternal weight and accumulated obstetric risk.