Asociación entre conocimiento sobre anemia y hábitos alimentarios en gestantes de Centro Materno Infantil, 2023

• Autores: Chipana Portella, Álvaro André, Llanos Tejada, Félix Konrad
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/493
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/493
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Iron-deficiency anemia; Pregnancy; Dietary habits; Knowledge; Health promotion; Anemia ferropénica; Embarazo; Hábitos alimentarios; Conocimiento; Promoción de la salud

Introduction: Gestational anemia affects maternal and neonatal health, and its prevention may be influenced by pregnant women's nutritional knowledge. Objectives: To determine the association between the level of knowledge about anemia and dietary habits among pregnant women at a health center in Lima. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and inferential study conducted at the Villa María del Triunfo Maternal and Child Center in 2023. A total of 164 pregnant women were selected through simple random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about anemia, and a Likert-type scale was applied to evaluate dietary habits. Knowledge was classified as high, medium, or low. Dietary habits were categorized as adequate, moderately adequate, or inadequate based on the total score. Statistical tests (Chi-square, Student's t-test) were applied, and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95 % confidence intervals. Statistical significance was considered when p<0.05. Confidentiality and informed consent were ensured according to international ethical standards. Results: 34.1 % of the participants had inadequate dietary habits. Higher prevalence of inadequate habits was found among primigravidas (PR: 1.81; 95 % CI: 1.05–3.13; p=0.032), rural residents (PR: 1.60; 95 % CI: 1.14–2.25; p=0.007), and women with low knowledge about anemia (PR: 2.54; 95 % CI: 1.47–4.37; p=0.001). No significant associations were found with age, education level, occupation, or marital status. Conclusion: Low levels of knowledge about anemia are significantly associated with inadequate dietary habits among pregnant women. Strengthening nutritional education in primary care is recommended to reduce maternal and perinatal health risks.