Substantial material, financial and human resources are dedicated to research on tumor biology. The validation of biomarkers, the development of novel diagnostic methods, the implementation of early detection programs in communities, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles have positively impacted on the prevention and control of this group of diseases. However, cancer remains a global health problem. Multiple factors affect the effective management of neoplasia, including the complex relationship between immune system and transformed cells. It is a fact that the diversity of immune system´s effector mechanisms detect and eliminate neoplastic cells. However, these immune mechanisms also promote somatic evolution of tumors by selecting cellular clones resistant to immunity. This complex relationship conceptualized as cancer immunoediting develops mainly at the tumor microenvironment. Imm...

Technological advances applied to preclinical and clinical scientific research have significantly enabled the broadening of knowledge regarding neoplastic cells biology in the last two decades. The characterization of genetic and epigenetic alterations which are involved in carcinogenesis; the molecular subclassification of tumors; the understanding of normal and neoplastic cells interactions in the tumor microenvironment; and the description of molecular bases that explain the influence of factors such as exercise, diet and microbiota composition on cancer progression have contributed to support the importance of precision medicine in cancer. The present research reviews the so-called "hallmarks of cancer" and their "enabling characteristics", i.e. those properties inherent to cancer cells that allow to evade intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of carcinogenesis control. This paper is a ...

As war correspondents, investigators face the challenge of reporting on a daily basis the confrontation with SARS-CoV-2, a virus that has put public health and the socio-economic structure of virtually all countries at collapse edge. Basic rules of hygiene and the social isolation are valuable weapons in the strategic plan of this battle. However, to limit the spread of the virus and manage the disease it produces (COVID-19), it is tactical to understand the dual role of the immune response in infected individuals. On the one hand, the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system are, without a doubt, determining factors in the control of infection and viral replication; on the other hand, its contribution to COVID-19 severity and mortality has also been evidenced. Consequently, the design and implementation of immunotherapy strategies to manipulate the immune system, as well as th...

As war correspondents, investigators face the challenge of reporting on a daily basis the confrontation with SARS-CoV-2, a virus that has put public health and the socio-economic structure of virtually all countries at collapse edge. Basic rules of hygiene and the social isolation are valuable weapons in the strategic plan of this battle. However, to limit the spread of the virus and manage the disease it produces (COVID-19), it is tactical to understand the dual role of the immune response in infected individuals. On the one hand, the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system are, without a doubt, determining factors in the control of infection and viral replication; on the other hand, its contribution to COVID-19 severity and mortality has also been evidenced. Consequently, the design and implementation of immunotherapy strategies to manipulate the immune system, as well as th...

As war correspondents, investigators face the challenge of reporting on a daily basis the confrontation with SARS-CoV-2, a virus that has put public health and the socio-economic structure of virtually all countries at collapse edge. Basic rules of hygiene and the social isolation are valuable weapons in the strategic plan of this battle. However, to limit the spread of the virus and manage the disease it produces (COVID-19), it is tactical to understand the dual role of the immune response in infected individuals. On the one hand, the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system are, without a doubt, determining factors in the control of infection and viral replication; on the other hand, its contribution to COVID-19 severity and mortality has also been evidenced. Consequently, the design and implementation of immunotherapy strategies to manipulate the immune system, as well as th...

Objective: To evaluate the humoral immunogenicity induced by homologous and heterologousvaccination schedules through a comparison of two methods for detecting IgG antibodies againstSARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: Serum concentrations of specific IgG antibodies targetingthe receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured. Samples werecollected from 60 individuals who received different COVID-19 vaccination schedules establishedby the Peruvian health system. Additionally, 20 pre-pandemic serum samples were retrieved froma serum bank. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), considered the reference standardtest for such measurements, was used. Additionally, OJABIO rapid diagnostic test kit (PRO) was alsoemployed to qualitatively assess the IgG response. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivevalue (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Cohenâ...