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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant and most consequential climate variation on Earth, and is characterized by warming of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during the El Niño phase and cooling during the La Niña phase. ENSO events tend to have a centre—corresponding to the location of the maximum SST anomaly—in either the central equatorial Pacific (5° S–5° N, 160° E–150° W) or the eastern equatorial Pacific (5° S–5° N, 150°–90° W); these two distinct types of ENSO event are referred to as the CP-ENSO and EP-ENSO regimes, respectively. How the ENSO may change under future greenhouse warming is unknown, owing to a lack of inter-model agreement over the response of SSTs in the eastern equatorial Pacific to such warming. Here we find a robust increase in future EP-ENSO SST variability among CMIP5 climate models that simulate the ...
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artículo
Peruvian Ministry of Agriculture-Technical Secretariat of coordination with the CGIAR, Peruvian National Council of Science and Technology (CONCYTEC), Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (47/PGS/2006/01), Programa Cooperativo para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Agroalimentario y Agroindustrial del Cono Sur (PROCISUR), Project Programa Bicentenario de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a - Conicyt, PBCT - Conicyt PSD-03, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (09-04-12275)