This article analyzes the technocracy emergence in social sector, through the study of the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion case, created in 2011 in response to one of the essential themes of Ollanta Humala’s electoral campaign: social inclusion. This paper aims to determine which factors led to the establishment of a technocracy linked to social policy in a country where it has been traditionally linked to political usage and patronage. There are three factors that explain the positioning of a technocracy in this ministry addressed throughout the article. On one hand, there was the presence of a consensus about the need for a technical management of this sector in the search of generating legitimacy and autonomy. On the other hand, it happened to be a favorable political environment characterized by a wide political support from the government. Finally, the wide di...

This article discusses the use of the mechanism of parliamentary control of interpellation to ministers in the Peruvian case, with the objective of stablish which factors determine the effectives of opposition groups to approve the motions of interpellations they present during the post- Fujimori goverrnments of Alejandro Toledo, Alan García and Ollanta Humala (2001-2013). Taking into account the size, discipline and the number of motions presented, this research argues that the most effective parliamentary groups have high levels of discipline and present a reasonable number of motions, in relation to their capacity to approve them. The levels of discipline and effectiveness of each parliamentary group were calculate through the recompilation ofdata from 85 motions and 36 debates about the admission of the process.

This article analyzes the technocracy emergence in social sector, through the study of the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion case, created in 2011 in response to one of the essential themes of Ollanta Humala’s electoral campaign: social inclusion. This paper aims to determine which factors led to the establishment of a technocracy linked to social policy in a country where it has been traditionally linked to political usage and patronage. There are three factors that explain the positioning of a technocracy in this ministry addressed throughout the article. On one hand, there was the presence of a consensus about the need for a technical management of this sector in the search of generating legitimacy and autonomy. On the other hand, it happened to be a favorable political environment characterized by a wide political support from the government. Finally, the wide di...

This article discusses the use of the mechanism of parliamentary control of interpellation to ministers in the Peruvian case, with the objective of stablish which factors determine the effectives of opposition groups to approve the motions of interpellations they present during the post- Fujimori goverrnments of Alejandro Toledo, Alan García and Ollanta Humala (2001-2013). Taking into account the size, discipline and the number of motions presented, this research argues that the most effective parliamentary groups have high levels of discipline and present a reasonable number of motions, in relation to their capacity to approve them. The levels of discipline and effectiveness of each parliamentary group were calculate through the recompilation ofdata from 85 motions and 36 debates about the admission of the process.

This article analyzes the technocracy emergence in social sector, through the study of the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion case, created in 2011 in response to one of the essential themes of Ollanta Humala’s electoral campaign: social inclusion. This paper aims to determine which factors led to the establishment of a technocracy linked to social policy in a country where it has been traditionally linked to political usage and patronage. There are three factors that explain the positioning of a technocracy in this ministry addressed throughout the article. On one hand, there was the presence of a consensus about the need for a technical management of this sector in the search of generating legitimacy and autonomy. On the other hand, it happened to be a favorable political environment characterized by a wide political support from the government. Finally, the wide di...

This article discusses the use of the mechanism of parliamentary control of interpellation to ministers in the Peruvian case, with the objective of stablish which factors determine the effectives of opposition groups to approve the motions of interpellations they present during the post- Fujimori goverrnments of Alejandro Toledo, Alan García and Ollanta Humala (2001-2013). Taking into account the size, discipline and the number of motions presented, this research argues that the most effective parliamentary groups have high levels of discipline and present a reasonable number of motions, in relation to their capacity to approve them. The levels of discipline and effectiveness of each parliamentary group were calculate through the recompilation ofdata from 85 motions and 36 debates about the admission of the process.

This paper explores two important topics among the political parties and party system literature in Peru: The strength and stability of the political party system in the 80’s and the decade of the 90’s, better known as the «decade of the antipolitics». The contrast between the literature reviewed and the quantitative data from the 7 Municipal Elections, that took place among this time period, attempts to find if this phenomena occurred also at the subnational level. In the decade of the 80’s, the political party system stayed stable with rule of the four most important political parties (APRA, Acción Popular, Izquierda Unida y PPC); however, individually these political parties did not have the same performance. In the decade of the 90’s, the concept «in- dependent» did not fit equally among all the cases and together with the fujimorismo depicted the political scenar...

This paper explores two important topics among the political parties and party system literature in Peru: The strength and stability of the political party system in the 80’s and the decade of the 90’s, better known as the «decade of the antipolitics». The contrast between the literature reviewed and the quantitative data from the 7 Municipal Elections, that took place among this time period, attempts to find if this phenomena occurred also at the subnational level. In the decade of the 80’s, the political party system stayed stable with rule of the four most important political parties (APRA, Acción Popular, Izquierda Unida y PPC); however, individually these political parties did not have the same performance. In the decade of the 90’s, the concept «in- dependent» did not fit equally among all the cases and together with the fujimorismo depicted the political scenar...

This paper explores two important topics among the political parties and party system literature in Peru: The strength and stability of the political party system in the 80’s and the decade of the 90’s, better known as the «decade of the antipolitics». The contrast between the literature reviewed and the quantitative data from the 7 Municipal Elections, that took place among this time period, attempts to find if this phenomena occurred also at the subnational level. In the decade of the 80’s, the political party system stayed stable with rule of the four most important political parties (APRA, Acción Popular, Izquierda Unida y PPC); however, individually these political parties did not have the same performance. In the decade of the 90’s, the concept «in- dependent» did not fit equally among all the cases and together with the fujimorismo depicted the political scenar...