The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of trematodes and nematodes through the presence of eggs in faeces of creole donkeys marketed in the Plaza Pecuaria Iscoconga in Cajamarca, Peru. The work was carried out between November and December 2019 with stool samples from 73 donkeys of both sexes. The samples were analysed using the Sedimentation method modified by Rojas and Torrel for the case of trematodes and the Sheather method for the case of nematodes. All samples were positive for at least one species of parasite. The prevalence found were Fasciola hepatica 28.8 ± 10.4% (21/73), paramphistomides 0%; Strongylus spp 53.4 ± 11.4% (39/73), Trichostrongylus spp 46.6 ± 11.4% (34/73), Nematodirus spp 2.7 ± 3.7% (2/73) and Parascaris spp 2.7 ± 3.7% (2/73). It is concluded that the prevalence of parasitosis was 100%; 98.6% corresponding to nematodes, 27.4% to the associatio...

The aim of this study was to identify the etiological agent of lymphadenitis in guinea pigs from five commercial family breeding farms in Cajamarca, Peru, as well as to determine the sensitivity of the agents found against antibacterial frequently used in the area (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin). Five guinea pigs with clinical signs of lymphadenitis were obtained and samples were taken from the affected cervical lymph nodes. Bacterial isolation was carried out on Blood agar and MacConkey agar and the antibiogram was carried out according to the Kirby-Bauer method. The etiological agent was Trueperella pyogenes, highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin and resistant to penicillin.

The inherent susceptibility of dogs to multiple bacterial infections, combined with inadequate management of antibacterial agents, represents significant public and veterinary health concerns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of resistance in Escherichia coli isolates to commonly used antibacterials and identify associated resistance factors in pet dogs from Cajamarca city. One hundred fecal samples were collected, from which E. coli strains were cultured and isolated. Antibiogram testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. Simultaneously, a survey was administered to the owners of the sampled animals to identify risk factors. One hundred percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibacterial agent. The prevalence of resistance to streptomycin [STR] (61 %) and ampicillin [AMP] (53 %) was categorized as "very high". In comparison, resistance to cephalexin...

Background: Paramphistomosis, a parasitic condition caused by Calicophoron microbothrioides in domestic ruminants, has garnered limited attention among cattle breeders in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru. Despite its status as an endemic affliction with considerable risk, scant investigations have been conducted on this parasite within this region. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between the population of adult parasites (referred to as “number of adult parasites” or NAP) in rumen and reticulum of naturally infected cows and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Methods: A sample of twenty-two cattle harboring adult parasites in their rumen and reticulum was selected for analysis. Fecal samples were collected from these animals to establish a correlation between NAP and EPG. Data analysis included linear regression, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the nonpa...

Calicophoron microbothrioides is a relatively new trematode species reported in domestic ruminants in the Cajamarca Valley (Peru). This species poses a significant endemic risk to domestic ruminants in the local livestock; however, histopathological aspects of the infection remain understudied. This study aims to describe the histological ruminal lesions induced by C. microbothrioides in naturally infected Holstein cows. Ten cows were sampled, collecting 1 cm³ of rumen tissue from affected areas (rough areas without ruminal papillae) in positive cases during post-mortem inspections. Control samples were taken from the rumen tissue of cows not infected with C. microbothrioides. The samples were processed using the paraffin embedding technique and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The rumen flukes exhibited a pink and shiny color, with a curved conical shape (concave ventral region), and th...

El riesgo de infección por agentes parasitarios en hortalizas contaminadas es mayor cuando las características de los puestos de ventas en mercados y la higiene del personal de expendio es deficiente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de estadios parasitarios e identificar los géneros/especies encontrados en hortalizas expendidas en los principales mercados de la ciudad de Chiclayo. Se analizaron 600 muestras de hortalizas, 75 por cada especie: lechuga, cebolla china, apio, rábano, repollo, cilantro, perejil y espinaca. Mediante montaje húmedo, se determinó que el 51% (IC95% 47-55) de las muestras contenían estadios parasitarios. Se identificó a Entamoeba spp, Giardia spp, Balantidium coli, Taenia spp, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp, Toxocara spp, e Hymenolepis nana. La proporción de quistes/ooquistes de protozoarios fue mayor co...

Animals raised in rural areas often lack sufficient healthcare and nutrition due to limited access to professional services or state programs. This situation is worsened by extensive grazing practices, which expose cattle to parasites. This study aimed to identify helminths and coccidia by examining fecal eggs and oocysts in creole cattle from small-scale producers raised under grazing conditions at altitudes above 3,000 m in the rural area of Chota district, Cajamarca, Peru. Fecal samples from 385 cattle were analyzed, with 357 (92.73 ± 2.59%) testing positive for parasite eggs and oocysts. At the farm level, all (37/37) were infected with parasites. Natural sedimentation identified eggs of Fasciola hepatica (19.48 ± 3.96%). Flotation concentration using a saturated sugar solution revealed eggs of strongylid-like nematodes (SLN) (81.56 ± 3.87%), Capillaria spp (1.82 ± 1.33%), Trichu...

There are various diagnostic techniques available for chronic fasciolosis in ruminants. However, many of them exhibit low specificity and sensitivity, making them impractical for field use and in low-resource laboratories. The present study evaluates the usefulness of the Natural Sedimentation technique in diagnosing chronic fasciolosis in three domestic species conducted at the Laboratorio de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinas, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Fecal samples were collected from n = 323 cattle, n = 362 sheep, and n = 231 swine for Fasciola hepatica fecal egg counts. The visualization of adult parasites in animal livers post-mortem was considered the gold standard. Additionally, the sensitivity of the technique was evaluated using five different amounts of feces. In cattle, a sensitivity of 0.93 ± 0.03, specificity of 0.91 ± 0.06...

In high Andean regions with subsistence livestock farming, diagnostic studies are rarely conducted for reproductive issues in extensively bred cows. This research aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV),and bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) in cattle above 3300 meters in Peru. Blood from 292 cattle across categories and breeds was collected. Antibody prevalence was 13.70±3.94% for N. caninum, 30.14±5.26% for BVDV, and 2.74±1.87% for BHV-1. District-wise differences were not significant (P>0.05). Cow and Creole breed were the most affected, but without statistical variance (P>0.05). These results confirm N. caninum, BVDV, and BHV-1 presence in reproductive issues in high altitudes cattle in Cajamarca and Celendín provinces.

Introduction. Honey has been part of the human diet and medicine for millennia. Although its nutritional composition can vary across regions, the concentration of certain metals must not exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) set by national and international bodies, as these metals are toxic to consumers. Objectives. To determine the concentration of cadmium and lead in honey from two districts (Cajamarca and La Encañada) in a northern province of Peru. Materials and Methods. Twelve samples werecollected from four localities in these two districts of the Cajamarca province. Cd and Pb concentrations were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results and Discussion. Cd levels ranged from 0.070 to 2.875 mg/kg, while Pb levels varied from <0.001 to 2.478 mg/kg. The highest Cd concentrations were found in honey from the Cajamarca district and its two loc...

Introduction. Lead is a heavy metal widely used in the automotive industry and is considered one of the most harmful toxic agents for living organisms. Dogs inhabiting automotive repair workshops may experience chronic exposure to this metal, making them potential sentinels of environmental contamination. Objective. This study aimed to determine blood lead levels in dogs residing in automotive repair workshops in the city of Cajamarca (Peru). Materials and Methods. Blood lead levels were quantified in 16 dogs using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results and Discussion. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.427 μg/dL (0.0043 ppm) to 4.348 μg/dL (0.0435 ppm), with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.264 ± 1.243 μg/dL and a coefficient of variation of 54.907%. A proportion of the evaluated dogs (18.75%; 3/16) presented blood lead levels exceeding 3.5 μg/dL, the reference valu...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las dimensiones morfológicas deparamfistomidos adultos recolectados en el Centro de Beneficio Municipal deChachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú. Las muestras fueron tomadas en setiembre de 2017. Seseleccionaron 40 parásitos adultos de tamaño uniforme a los cuales se les sometió aovoposición usando las técnicas de Dinnik y Dinnik modificada. Se seleccionaron enforma aleatoria 30 huevos. A la evaluación, el parásito adulto en estado fresco presentóun color rojizo, más intenso en los extremos anterior y posterior, con cuerpo cónico ycurvado ventralmente. Los especímenes midieron 8.85 mm de largo, 2.27 mm de ancho,0.32 mm ventosa anterior y 0.60 mm ventosa posterior y las dimensiones de los huevosfueron de 126.91 μm de largo por 63.7 μm de ancho. Los valores obtenidos pertenecen aun parásito de la familia Paramphistomidae, compatibles c...

El presente estudio determinó la prevalencia de mórulas de Ehrlichia sp y gamontes de Hepatozoon sp en perros atendidos en un centro médico veterinario de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas de perros infestados con garrapatas o con exposición en los tres meses previos al estudio. Se colectó 3 mL de sangre de la vena cefálica de 95 perros en tubos EDTA. Las muestras fueron centrifugadas. Se colocó una gota de la capa flogística de cada muestra sobre una lámina portaobjetos la que se extendió con una laminilla cubreobjetos y fue sometida a la tinción Wright. Los frotis se observaron en microscopio óptico a 40X y 100X. Se halló una prevalencia a Ehrlichia sp de 31.6 ± 9.4%. No se observó presencia de gamontes de Hepatozoon sp.

The search for alternatives in the control of eimeriosis and the lack of studies on local bioactive plants led to the present research to evaluate the efficacy of Contoya (Lobelia decurrens cav.) under two presentations in the control of Eimeria spp. in rabbits in Cajamarca (Peru). Fifty-six rabbits with a parasite load greater than 400 oocysts per gram of feces were selected and divided into a control group and six treatments of eight replicates. The first three treatment groups were administered in extract presentation and the following three in infusion. The coproparasitoscopic evaluation was performed using the McMaster technique on days 1, 3, and 8 post-dosing. The results showed that both presentations and volumes of Contoya achieve the reduction of parasite load, so this plant can be used in Extract and Infusion of 1 to 3 mL per rabbit indistinctly (p > 0.05). The decrease in effi...

The Cajamarca Valley is an endemic area for Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Despite demonstrated resistance to triclabendazole, the use of this anthelmintic remains prevalent. Therefore, constant efficacy evaluations of this active ingredient are necessary, along with the exploration of alternatives for parasite control. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Amaro (Chuquiraga weberbaueri) and triclabendazole in controlling F. hepatica in artificially infected calves. Three groups (T0, T1, and T2) of four weaned Holstein calves each were formed and infected with 200 metacercariae. The control group (T0) received no antiparasitic treatment, group T1 was dosed with lyophilized aqueous extract of C. weberbaueri (200 mg/kg, orally, for four consecutive days), and group T2 received a single dose of triclabendazole (12 mg/kg, orally). Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Egg Count...

This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites through faecal egg detection in children and dogs from three rural hamlets - La Chorrera, Cruz Pampa, and Chugurmayo - located in the Sorochuco district, Celendín province, Cajamarca region, Peru, at an altitude exceeding 3,400 meters above sea level. Faecal samples were collected from school-aged children and domestic dogs and analysed using direct smear, natural sedimentation, Faust, and Sheather techniques. Parasitic infection was detected in 59.80% of children (95% CI: 50.29–69.32) and 55.00% of dogs (95% CI: 44.10–65.90). No statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed between hamlets (p = 0.630). Among children, the highest prevalence was noted in males aged >6 to 9 years; in dogs, it was observed in males aged 0 to 1 year. However, age and sex were not significantly associat...

Cystoisosporosis is the infection produced by a coccidian that invades the digestive tract causing severe anatomopathological disorders in the infected vertebrate. This parasitosis is neglected or underes-timated in dogs in the Cajamarca region, Peru. The objective of the present study was to determine the copro-prevalence of Cystoisospora spp. and its oocyst morphometry in dogs from the western zone of the district of Cajamarca. Using the Faust method, 246 fecal samples were analyzed from dogs with owners of both sexes, divided into three age group (n=87 puppies: 0 to 6 months, n=43 juvenile: 6 to 12 months, and n=166 adults: > 12 months). The results showed an overall prevalence of 15.04% for Cystoisospora spp. of which 24.14% corresponded to the puppies, 20.93% to juveniles, and 6.03% to dogs older than 12 months. The oocysts observed presented yellowish green color, with the absence ...

The present research evaluates the productive performance of guinea pigs fed with two different feed rations. Three groups of 15 male Peruvian guinea pigs were formed, each with three repetitions of five individuals. The guinea pigs in the control group (T0 ) were fed only with alfalfa, the first treatment group was fed with a combination of alfalfa and concentrated feed in a 3:1 ratio, respectively (T1 ), and the second experimental group was fed with ryegrass and the same balanced supplement, also in a 3:1 ratio (T2 ). At the end of the nine-week study, the average live weights obtained were 917.67 g in T0 , 948.13 g in T1 , and 911.60 g in T2 . The average feed intake based on dry matter per guinea pig/day was increased gradually, with lower quantities for the group of guinea pigs fed only with alfalfa and higher quantities for the group of guinea pigs fed with ryegrass and concentrat...

The research objective was to identify helminths in guinea pigs from processing centers in the city of Cajamarca, determining the frequency, morphometric characteristics, parasite gender, and location. The diagnosis of intestinal parasites was made by examining and opening the postmortem gastrointestinal tract and the morphometric characteristics were determined using a millimetric ruler, micrometric eyepiece, microscope, and stereoscope. At the end of the investigation, a frequency of 76% of nematodes was found, which according to morphometry correspond to Paraspidodera uncinata (74%), Capillaria spp. (18%), and Trichuris spp. (14%); according to location 18% were found in the small intestine (Capillaria spp. 18%), 72% in the cecum (58% correspond only to P. uncinata, 3% to Trichuris spp. and 11% to a mixed infection between both) and 23% in the colon (P. uncinata); no parasites were fo...

The growth of ruminal papillae and rumen thickness in calves subjected to two different feed rations were evaluated. Two homogeneous treatment groups were established, consisting of four individuals each (T1 and T2 ). T1 calves received colostrum, milk, and fresh alfalfa, while T2 calves received the same composition as the first group, supplemented with a concentrated feed. Weaning occurred at 60 days of age for both groups. After weaning, calves were nourished, and rumen wall samples were collected from four anatomical regions of the rumen from each calf. Rumen papillae dimensions were measured macroscopically, and histology was conducted using the paraffin embedding method with H&E staining. T1 calves exhibited average values of 1.38 ± 0.250 mm for papillae length, 3.63±0.245 mm for rumen wall thickness, 1.77 ± 0.312 mm for the muscular layer, and 0.5 ± 0.005 mm for the serosal la...