The aim of this study was to determine some physiological parameters and characterize the changes of the acid-base state in enduro horses that competed in an 80 km race at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level. Blood samples were taken from 11 horses before the start (T0), at the end (T1) and one hour after the end of the race (T2). Blood values of variables determining the acid-base state, muscle enzymes, electrolytes, metabolites, hematocrit and plasma proteins were determined. Acid-base disorders were determined using the Henderson-Hasselbach and Stewart approximations and the change in plasma volume was calculated. Differences were found in the variables of CO2 pressure, non-volatile buffer anions, HCO3-, plasma proteins, muscle enzymes, metabolites, sodium, chloride, potassium, ionized calcium and phosphates. Hyperlactatemic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, strong ion alkalosis and ...

The aim of this study was to determine some physiological parameters and characterize the changes of the acid-base state in enduro horses that competed in an 80 km race at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level. Blood samples were taken from 11 horses before the start (T0), at the end (T1) and one hour after the end of the race (T2). Blood values of variables determining the acid-base state, muscle enzymes, electrolytes, metabolites, hematocrit and plasma proteins were determined. Acid-base disorders were determined using the Henderson-Hasselbach and Stewart approximations and the change in plasma volume was calculated. Differences were found in the variables of CO2 pressure, non-volatile buffer anions, HCO3-, plasma proteins, muscle enzymes, metabolites, sodium, chloride, potassium, ionized calcium and phosphates. Hyperlactatemic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, strong ion alkalosis and ...

A descriptive study was conducted to describe acid-base alterations in working mules. Blood samples of 29 mules were analyzed and data was interpreted both by the traditional approach (Henderson-Hasselbach) and the Simplified Strong Ion Difference (Stewart). The parameters evaluated were pH, pCO2, HCO3 -, excess of base, difference of strong ions, total concentration of non-volatile buffer anions and blood lactate. Results showed that 48.3% of the individuals presented at least one acid-base disorder by the traditional approach, while 20.7% did so by the Stewart’s approximation. The alterations most commonly presented were metabolic alkalosis (20.7%), respiratory alkalosis (13.8%), hyperlactatemia alkalosis (10.3%) and strong ion acidosis (17.2%). The results between the two approaches did not show a coincidence. In conclusion, the acid-base alterations in the working mules may be due ...

Reference intervals (RI) of physiological parameters related to the acid-base equilibrium state were estimated from blood samples of 76 healthy mules at high altitude. The animals were at rest and subjected to the same diet. The data obtained were compared with those reported by various authors, finding closeness between the estimated RIs and those of the cited authors. It was concluded that the RI of mules and horses do not present great differences.  

A descriptive study was conducted to describe acid-base alterations in working mules. Blood samples of 29 mules were analyzed and data was interpreted both by the traditional approach (Henderson-Hasselbach) and the Simplified Strong Ion Difference (Stewart). The parameters evaluated were pH, pCO2, HCO3 -, excess of base, difference of strong ions, total concentration of non-volatile buffer anions and blood lactate. Results showed that 48.3% of the individuals presented at least one acid-base disorder by the traditional approach, while 20.7% did so by the Stewart’s approximation. The alterations most commonly presented were metabolic alkalosis (20.7%), respiratory alkalosis (13.8%), hyperlactatemia alkalosis (10.3%) and strong ion acidosis (17.2%). The results between the two approaches did not show a coincidence. In conclusion, the acid-base alterations in the working mules may be due ...

Reference intervals (RI) of physiological parameters related to the acid-base equilibrium state were estimated from blood samples of 76 healthy mules at high altitude. The animals were at rest and subjected to the same diet. The data obtained were compared with those reported by various authors, finding closeness between the estimated RIs and those of the cited authors. It was concluded that the RI of mules and horses do not present great differences.  

The study aimed to determine possible differences between the measurement of heart rate for times less than 60 seconds (30 and 15 seconds) in horses. For this, 37 healthy adult horses were evaluated, and heart rate measurement was performed using a stethoscope and a stopwatch, simultaneously by three people. Heart rates were taken by 15” (t15) for person 1; 30” (t30) for person 2 and 60” (t60) for person 3. The mean and standard deviation of the three measurements were determined and compared by analysis of variance. Differences were found between t15 and t60 and between t30 and t60 (p<0.001); but with differences between 2 and 2.5 seconds between measurement times. In conclusion, taking the heart rate measurement in less than a minute could generate under or overvaluations.

The study aimed to determine possible differences between the measurement of heart rate for times less than 60 seconds (30 and 15 seconds) in horses. For this, 37 healthy adult horses were evaluated, and heart rate measurement was performed using a stethoscope and a stopwatch, simultaneously by three people. Heart rates were taken by 15” (t15) for person 1; 30” (t30) for person 2 and 60” (t60) for person 3. The mean and standard deviation of the three measurements were determined and compared by analysis of variance. Differences were found between t15 and t60 and between t30 and t60 (p<0.001); but with differences between 2 and 2.5 seconds between measurement times. In conclusion, taking the heart rate measurement in less than a minute could generate under or overvaluations.