URBAN LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS (ULB), DERIVED FROM THE MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GREEN SPACES, SUCH AS PARKS, GARDENS, SPORTS FACILITIES, AND AREAS ALONG ROADS, EMERGES AS A SOLID ALTERNATIVE TO REPLACE FOSSIL SOURCES. THESE RESOURCES STAND OUT DUE TO THEIR ABUNDANCE, LOW COST, AND AVAILABILITY. HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION (HTC) EMERGED AS AN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS THIS BIOMASS THAT HAS A HIGH MOISTURE AND ASH CONTENT, ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR PRIOR DRYING. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE CONVERSION OF ULB TO SOLID BIOFUELS THROUGH THE HTC PROCESS, ADDRESSING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC PROPERTIES OF ULB AND THE RESULTING HYDROCHAR, AS WELL AS THE HTC PROCESS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE OPERATING VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE ENERGETIC QUALITY OF HYDROCHAR. THE CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE (180 TO 280 °C) HAS A VERY SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE MORE THAN THE RESIDENCE TIME (0.5 TO 24 H) ON...

Zea mays "maize" is one of the most important staple foods for both humans and animals, but it is highly susceptible to pathogens such as toxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Yeasts, however, have the potential to control the growth and activity of toxigenic fungi, representing a viable and economical alternative for biocontrol. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficiency of yeasts in controlling toxigenic A. flavus associated with maize grains. To achieve this, toxigenic A. flavus and yeast isolates were obtained and identified, then coinoculated in vitro to assess their effect on mycelial growth inhibition and total aflatoxin production through yeast-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We found that 147 of the isolated yeasts, when coinoculated with A. flavus, reduced mycelial growth up to 89%. VOCs from five yeast strains of the genera Saccharomyces and Meyerozyma inhibited colon...

THE HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION PROCESS USING ORIFICE PLATES WAS APPLIED TO REMOVE COLOR AND POLYPHENOLS FROM SUGARCANE MOLASSES ETHANOL VINASSE, WITH A TREATMENT TIME OF 1 H. THE RAW VINASSE WAS DILUTED WITH TAP WATER IN A VOLUME RATIO OF 1:10 IN AN ACIDIC MEDIUM (PH 2). A 2K FACTORIAL ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE INLET PRESSURE OF 2 AND 3.6 BAR. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INLET PRESSURE AND THE NUMBER OF ORIFICES HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE COLOR AND POLYPHENOL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY. THE PLATE WITH 9 ORIFICES UNDER THE CONDITION OF AN INLET PRESSURE OF 3.6 BAR WAS MORE EFFICIENT, ACHIEVING A MAXIMUM COLOR REMOVAL OF 32.71% AND POLYPHENOL REMOVAL OF 88.62% DURING A 20 MIN TREATMENT, WITH A CAVITATION YIELD OF 0.00365 MG J-1. THE REQUIREMENT OF A LONGER TREATMENT TIME DID NOT FAVOR THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF COLOR AND POLYPHENOLS. HYDRODYN...

The key components of scientific research technique are covered here for language education. Scientific research methodology is a strategy that enables researchers to accomplish their goals rationally and effectively while using the proper resources for each step of the research process. It is underlined how crucial it is to have precise, feasible study goals as well as the amount of work and commitment needed to accomplish them. The significance of the student's work in this process is stressed, and the function of the methodology as a universal or unitary procedure that researchers adhere to is explored. Research is an integral aspect of higher education since without it, earning a degree or an academic degree is all but impossible. To build skills in reality analysis and enhance scientific research, it is advised to support creative, experimental, and exploratory learning. The fundame...