URBAN LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS (ULB), DERIVED FROM THE MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GREEN SPACES, SUCH AS PARKS, GARDENS, SPORTS FACILITIES, AND AREAS ALONG ROADS, EMERGES AS A SOLID ALTERNATIVE TO REPLACE FOSSIL SOURCES. THESE RESOURCES STAND OUT DUE TO THEIR ABUNDANCE, LOW COST, AND AVAILABILITY. HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION (HTC) EMERGED AS AN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS THIS BIOMASS THAT HAS A HIGH MOISTURE AND ASH CONTENT, ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR PRIOR DRYING. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE CONVERSION OF ULB TO SOLID BIOFUELS THROUGH THE HTC PROCESS, ADDRESSING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC PROPERTIES OF ULB AND THE RESULTING HYDROCHAR, AS WELL AS THE HTC PROCESS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE OPERATING VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE ENERGETIC QUALITY OF HYDROCHAR. THE CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE (180 TO 280 °C) HAS A VERY SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE MORE THAN THE RESIDENCE TIME (0.5 TO 24 H) ON...

THE HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION PROCESS USING ORIFICE PLATES WAS APPLIED TO REMOVE COLOR AND POLYPHENOLS FROM SUGARCANE MOLASSES ETHANOL VINASSE, WITH A TREATMENT TIME OF 1 H. THE RAW VINASSE WAS DILUTED WITH TAP WATER IN A VOLUME RATIO OF 1:10 IN AN ACIDIC MEDIUM (PH 2). A 2K FACTORIAL ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE INLET PRESSURE OF 2 AND 3.6 BAR. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INLET PRESSURE AND THE NUMBER OF ORIFICES HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE COLOR AND POLYPHENOL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY. THE PLATE WITH 9 ORIFICES UNDER THE CONDITION OF AN INLET PRESSURE OF 3.6 BAR WAS MORE EFFICIENT, ACHIEVING A MAXIMUM COLOR REMOVAL OF 32.71% AND POLYPHENOL REMOVAL OF 88.62% DURING A 20 MIN TREATMENT, WITH A CAVITATION YIELD OF 0.00365 MG J-1. THE REQUIREMENT OF A LONGER TREATMENT TIME DID NOT FAVOR THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF COLOR AND POLYPHENOLS. HYDRODYN...