El objetivo de esta investigación es discutir opciones de políticas que busquen morigerar el efecto del consumo de piratería- en particular el consumo de bienes relacionados a la industria musical. En el Perú, el consumo de los bienes piratas relacionados a la industria musical no sólo depende del nivel de ingreso de los consumidores; sino de otras variables cuyo efecto puede ser aún más importante que el de la variable ingreso. Típicamente, esperaríamos que a incrementos del nivel de ingreso, los consumidores consumirían bienes protegidos por derechos de propiedad intelectual al tener éstos características cualitativas superiores a sus similares, los llamados bienes piratas (ilegales) . Sin embargo, la evidencia muestra que a pesar que el ingreso percapita ha aumentado sostenidamente, el consumo de bienes piratas-en particular en el sector musical-se mantiene en un alto nive...

The construction and operation of railroads in Colombia was one of the most significant events for the economic, social and cultural development of the country in the 19th century. This historical milestone took place in the department of Antioquia, where a railroad line of its own was built, improving mobility conditions while at the same time constructing the necessary infrastructure for its operation, such as stations and workshops, in different parts of the route. Although for the Ministry of Culture of the Nation, the railroad stations are of cultural and patrimonial interest of great importance for the nation, this declaration does not directly include the workshops where the necessary maintenance was performed for the correct operation of the railroads. The technical-constructive assessment tries to analyze the "Talleres de Bello" complex from a more holistic perspective, that is,...

El constante crecimiento de la demanda de pasajeros, el aumento de las operaciones diarias de aeronaves y las limitadas condiciones que ofrece el actual aeropuerto de Cusco "Tnte. Alejandro Velasco Astete" conlleva a la necesidad de construir un aeropuerto alternativo en la ciudad. La importancia de contar con un Aeropuerto que cubra no solo la demanda de pasajeros actual sino a futuro se debe a que Cusco trasciende en ser la principal puerta de entrada al circuito turístico sudamericano y un punto obligatorio para llegar a las ruinas de Machu Picchu, lo que conlleva a que este aeropuerto posea el mayor flujo aéreo en el sur del país. Un aeropuerto constituye una infraestructura compleja en la cual intervienen diversos campos del conocimiento. El diseño, la planificación, la construcción y las operaciones de las aeronaves, conllevan a tomar en cuenta diversos conceptos técnicos qu...

The main characteristic of airport networks is their dynamism. The inclusion of a new air route or the insertion or closure of an airport alters the system and can even lead to the collapse of the network. It is for this reason that it is important to develop a Network Analysis, to know its typology, since its characteristics allow to determine the level of service that the system has and allow decision makers to propose strategies that allow them to achieve the efficiency of the system. However, in South America there is a gap in the analysis of airport networks; only Argentina and Brazil have managed to describe their networks and generate proposals for improvement. For this reason, this study has adopted the airport network of Peru, which has 66 authorized public airports and is in the process of increasing the capacity of its international airports and including new airport infrastru...

Metamorphosed chromite crystals in massive chromitite ore-bodies from the Tapo ultramafic massif (Peru) show distinct petrographic features and chemical patterns of zoning different from those exhibited by disseminated chromites. The observed differences can be explained in terms of prograde metamorphism up to the lower-amphibolite facies, under the control of the chromite/silicate ratio, chromite grain size and degree of fracturing.