Modalidad de obtención de segunda especialidad sin designación de jurado según Oficio N.° 009-2025–OGYT-FMH/USMP

There is plenty of information about drug safety during pregnancy, but there is little scientific evidence on this topic. Due to ethical reasons, very scarce clinical assays have been conducted and published. This situation has resulted in the exaggeration of drug risk during pregnancy, thus limiting its reasonable use for chronic diseases in pregnant women. At the other extreme, it has resulted in the careless prescription of drugs not acknowledging the real risk involved in administering them in the inappropriate dose and moment. This review article describes how physiological changes during pregnancy modify significantly the pharmacokinetics of drugs. The real potential risk of drug-induced teratogenesis and the specific criteria for considering them an etiological factor are evaluated. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories' criteria, limitations, and limite...

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de trauma obstétrico en macrosómicos entre 4 000 y 4 500 gramos en nacidos por vía vaginal y por cesárea. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, que se realizó revisando las fichas de registro e historias clínicas de recién nacidos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia durante el 2015 y 2016 (8 174 recién nacidos). Se analizaron 573 macrosómicos de Grado 1 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, en quienes se identificaron variables como peso al nacer, vía de parto, paridad, edad materna, comorbilidades maternas, y tipo de trauma obstétrico. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia de 8,17% macrosómicos; 89% de ellos pertenecientes al Grado 1, 10,5% al Grado 2 y 0,5% al Grado 3. La edad materna promedio fue de 28,33 años (SD: ±6,62), la frecuencia de madres diabéticas fue 1,57% en los macrosómicos G...

About 1 in 10 women will present an adnexal tumor in her life and most will require surgical evaluation to rule out a malignant nature considering that risk of malignancy increases with age. Objective: To determine the frequency and malignancy of adnexal tumors by age, location and malignancy. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Ginecology and Gynecologic Oncology Services, Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. Material: Histopathology registries. Methods: Review of histopathology results of 876 patients who had surgery in 2013-2014 for adnexal tumor, that included anexectomies, oophorectomies, hysterectomies with adnexectomy and both paratubarian and paraovaric tumors. Main outcome measures: Tumor frequencies, localization and malignancy. Results: Out of 876 adnexal tumors, 73% were ovarian pathology, 14% tubal and 13% paratubal; 7% (61) were malignant. From t...