Community-acquired pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lung parenchyma, prevalent in our country with partial identification of etiological agents. It is the result of the interaction of the inflammatory process and infectious agents, with impact on the respiratory physiology with clearly identified risk factors. The diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological aspects. It requires a rational use of antibiotics, in an era of bacterial resistance. In the present symposium, definition and epidemiology are considered, with emphasis on national microbiology. In the diagnosis section, it focuses on clinical, radiological, etiological and laboratory tests. In therapy it is based on 3 aspects: degree of severity, identification of risk factors for specific agents and resistance. Control during the evolution of the disease and complications are alsoevaluated. Emphasis is placed on preve...

Sr. Editor, El síndrome de DRESS (por sus iniciales en inglés, reacción a medicamentos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos) es un evento adverso raro debido a una susceptibilidad del paciente por determinados medicamentos. Se estima una incidencia entre 1:1000 y 1:10 000 exposiciones al fármaco y una mortalidad de hasta 20% (1).

SARS-CoV-2 is a beta-coronavirus of the same subgenus as SARS and MERS viruses, they share the same gene binding receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2). (1) The spectrum of disease severity is varied, with the mild form being the most frequent (81%), and severe disease present in 14% of cases, with critical presentation being present in 5%, with a mortality of 2.3%.

This a report of the frequency of KatG and inhA genetic mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid in a sample of 777 patients with resistance to isoniazid. GenoType® MTBDRplus test and conventional sensitivity tests by the agar plate method were used. It was found that 54% presented mutation in the KatG gene, associated with higher resistance to streptomycin 76.6% (p <0.05), rifampicin 66.7% (p <0.05) and ethionamide in 33% (p <0.05). inhA gene mutation has a frequency of 46% and was associated with resistance to ethionamide in 68.1% (p <0.05), rifampicin 47.2% (p <0.05) and streptomycin 33% (p <0.05). In this sample, the presences of mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid was associated with resistance to other antituberculosis drugs.

El cáncer de pulmón, se origina, en base a que determinadas células del aparato respiratorio, que tienenexpresados pro oncogenes, por el efecto de cancerígenos, que principalmente se encuentran en el humo de tabaco, desarrollan oncogenes que inician un proceso de replicación anómala, sin control; sin embargo, el organismo aún cuenta con otros mecanismos que podrían neutralizar esta replicación anómala, antes que sobrepase su tercera generación, como son la apoptosis, el suicidio celular, la actividad de las telomerasas,si estos últimos procesos de autocontrol no se activan, el desarrollo de la célula tumoral está garantizado, y es así como se desarrollara una neoplasia maligna de pulmón, siendo el más frecuente el cáncer broncogenico.

Bronchiectasis is a clinical syndrome, common in our country, as a result of a series of conditions of persistent inflammation with bronchial structural damage. Its causes are multiple, which include the pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae. In this symposium, its pathophysiology and classification are covered, with a concise explanation of the mechanisms that produce it. In the diagnostic section, it is focused on the characteristics of the imaging tests that supports its definition; also the indications of pulmonary function tests are considered. Finally, a summary of the actual treatment proposals, under scientific evidences, were pointed out.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in one of the most frequent sleep disorders in all the population, it is associated to worse quality of life, high risk of accidents and high risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. For its diagnosis is necessary high clinical suspicion and a study for sleep monitoring. Therapy based in positive airway pressure devices (CPAP) have been demonstrated high efficacy to resolve the breathing disorder and is associated to an improvement of the health damages related to OSA.

Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas (EPID) son desórdenes no neoplásicos que resultan en el daño del parénquima pulmonar con una variedad de patrones que van desde inflamación a fibrosis(1). La clasificación tradicional se enfoca primordialmente en las asociaciones conocidas subyacentes que incluyen: a) enfermedades del tejido conjuntivo (ETC); b) enfermedades granulomatosas; c) exposiciones ambientales; d) inducidas por drogas; e) entidades relacionadas a tabaquismo; f) y por supuesto, el grupo de las neumonías intersticiales idiopáticas; en este último grupo es donde se encuentra una de las patologías más comunes que es la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI).

This a report of the frequency of KatG and inhA genetic mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid in a sample of 777 patients with resistance to isoniazid. GenoType® MTBDRplus test and conventional sensitivity tests by the agar plate method were used. It was found that 54% presented mutation in the KatG gene, associated with higher resistance to streptomycin 76.6% (p <0.05), rifampicin 66.7% (p <0.05) and ethionamide in 33% (p <0.05). inhA gene mutation has a frequency of 46% and was associated with resistance to ethionamide in 68.1% (p <0.05), rifampicin 47.2% (p <0.05) and streptomycin 33% (p <0.05). In this sample, the presences of mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid was associated with resistance to other antituberculosis drugs.