No presenta resumen

The thesis of chis paper is that the predicrions of !ater human development based on a single event during early life generally have a weak interna! validiry. These limitations are not due to problems of study design but ro un erroneous conceptualization of the very nature of development. This is not determined by main effects but by the complex relationships among domains wirhin the organism and between the organism and the physical and che social environment. The propasa! is ro model human development as a probabilistic process that gradually shapes its developmental trajectory.

La reseña no presenta resumen.

The purpose of this study is to support the notion of the motor area as indicator of integrated child development in children from 3 to 24 months old, for its use in population studies. Knowledge of the objective differences in child development will help identify some of the causes that explain these differences and is relevant to the social programming necessary to prevent or mitigate its consequences in the population.

The purpose of this work is to show, through evidence derived from scientific studies of healthy and well-nourished infants as well as infants selected from populations with high rates of chronic infection and malnutrition, that the order in the emergence of motor milestones is stable among these two groups. On the other hand, among the children at risk, the variance in the age of emergence of the same milestones was wider than that among the healthy and well-nourished children. The similarities between groups suggest that genetic factors explain the stability of order of emergence of the milestones, while social and cultural factors may explain the differences between groups in the variance in the age of acquisition. The information has theoretical and applied value in the evaluation of motor development in order to identify the determinants of this area of development.

This brief review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of human lactation for the mental development of children. The review covers theree tapies: (1) Correlation between type of feeding and  performance  on  different  mental  tests  administered befare and after the first three years of postnatal life, (2) Prevention of nutritional deficiencies that have adverse effects on cognition and prevention of sequels from pre-term births and low birth weight; (3) Contamination of human milk.The purpose is to provide a representative view of these three tapies. Our evaluation of the publised data shows that the information does not allow for definitive conclusions, particularly in reference to the first and third tapie. The  strongest available evidences is found on studies of the effects of free fatty acids on cerebral growth and on longitudinal studies of pre-term children of low...

The study was a randomized clinical tria! involving two cohorts (12 and 18 months) of nutritionally at risk Jndonesian children and three types of supplementary feeding: high energy and micronutrients; skimmed milk and micronutrients; and skimmed milk. The hypothesis of the study was that high energy and micronutrient supplements given early to children could delay on physical growing and mental development. The results showed that a combined energy and micronutrient supplement given for ayear to the 12-month-old children had wide range beneficia! effects. The same supplement given to the 18-month-old had only a modest effect. This suggests that if such an intervention is to he effective it needs to begin early in life.

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the results of six researches in which the author has participated, about the relation between iron deficiency and intellectual performance. The researches were carried out in Egypt. U.S.A., Guatemala, Indonesia and Thailand, with pre-school and school children. Iron deficiency with anemia are among the two nutritional deficiencies of major prevalence in the wodd and it must be expected that the same goes for Peru. One of the causes of the low consuming of food rich in iron is that these are too expensive for groupa of low socioeconomic level. The comparative analysis shows consistent resulta in the six studies and that iron deficiency affects achievernent in cognitive processes tests and academic tests. Resulta also show that the effects are revenible when appropriate treatment is given. At the same time, the analysis sho...

Páginas 159-178

El estudio fue un ensayo clínico aleatorio en el que participaron dos cohortes de niños (12 y 18 meses) indonesios en riesgo nutricional; hubo tres suplementos dietéticos: energía alta y micronutrientes; leche descremada y micronutrientes; y leche descremada. Se puso a prueba la hipótesis de que un suplemen-to de energía y micronutrientes administrado tempranamente, previene el retardo en el crecimiento fi~i­co y el desarrollo mental. Se obtuvo que el efecto de la suplementación con energía y micronutrientes en los bebés de 12 meses fue superior al efecto producido por la suplementación con micronutrientes y leche descremada. Los efectos en el grupo que comenzó a los 18 meses fueron menores. Hubo una in-teracción entre los efectos. Los resultados sugieren que este tipo de intervención en niños desnutridos debe iniciarse durante el primer año de vida.

No presenta resumen

No presenta resumen

La reseña no presenta resumen.

The purpose of this study is to support the notion of the motor area as indicator of integrated child development in children from 3 to 24 months old, for its use in population studies. Knowledge of the objective differences in child development will help identify some of the causes that explain these differences and is relevant to the social programming necessary to prevent or mitigate its consequences in the population.

The purpose of this work is to show, through evidence derived from scientific studies of healthy and well-nourished infants as well as infants selected from populations with high rates of chronic infection and malnutrition, that the order in the emergence of motor milestones is stable among these two groups. On the other hand, among the children at risk, the variance in the age of emergence of the same milestones was wider than that among the healthy and well-nourished children. The similarities between groups suggest that genetic factors explain the stability of order of emergence of the milestones, while social and cultural factors may explain the differences between groups in the variance in the age of acquisition. The information has theoretical and applied value in the evaluation of motor development in order to identify the determinants of this area of development.

This brief review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of human lactation for the mental development of children. The review covers theree tapies: (1) Correlation between type of feeding and  performance  on  different  mental  tests  administered befare and after the first three years of postnatal life, (2) Prevention of nutritional deficiencies that have adverse effects on cognition and prevention of sequels from pre-term births and low birth weight; (3) Contamination of human milk.The purpose is to provide a representative view of these three tapies. Our evaluation of the publised data shows that the information does not allow for definitive conclusions, particularly in reference to the first and third tapie. The  strongest available evidences is found on studies of the effects of free fatty acids on cerebral growth and on longitudinal studies of pre-term children of low...

The study was a randomized clinical tria! involving two cohorts (12 and 18 months) of nutritionally at risk Jndonesian children and three types of supplementary feeding: high energy and micronutrients; skimmed milk and micronutrients; and skimmed milk. The hypothesis of the study was that high energy and micronutrient supplements given early to children could delay on physical growing and mental development. The results showed that a combined energy and micronutrient supplement given for ayear to the 12-month-old children had wide range beneficia! effects. The same supplement given to the 18-month-old had only a modest effect. This suggests that if such an intervention is to he effective it needs to begin early in life.

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the results of six researches in which the author has participated, about the relation between iron deficiency and intellectual performance. The researches were carried out in Egypt. U.S.A., Guatemala, Indonesia and Thailand, with pre-school and school children. Iron deficiency with anemia are among the two nutritional deficiencies of major prevalence in the wodd and it must be expected that the same goes for Peru. One of the causes of the low consuming of food rich in iron is that these are too expensive for groupa of low socioeconomic level. The comparative analysis shows consistent resulta in the six studies and that iron deficiency affects achievernent in cognitive processes tests and academic tests. Resulta also show that the effects are revenible when appropriate treatment is given. At the same time, the analysis sho...

The thesis of chis paper is that the predicrions of !ater human development based on a single event during early life generally have a weak interna! validiry. These limitations are not due to problems of study design but ro un erroneous conceptualization of the very nature of development. This is not determined by main effects but by the complex relationships among domains wirhin the organism and between the organism and the physical and che social environment. The propasa! is ro model human development as a probabilistic process that gradually shapes its developmental trajectory.

Este trabajo describe las causas, la epidemiología y algunas consecuencias de la deficiencia endémica de yodo. El énfasis está puesto en el Perú y en particular en sus poblaciones andinas, con atención selectiva a sus efectos sobre el desarrollo y funcionamiento cerebral.