El agua es un compuesto químico estable formado por la unión de dos elementos: Hidrógeno (H) y Oxígeno (O). Ambos existen separadamente en la naturaleza y son fundamentales para la creación y mantenimiento de muchos de los procesos de los que somos testigos cotidianamente desde que nacemos. El Hidrógeno se consti tuye como el elemento más abundante del universo. El Sol, que nos calienta diariamente y permite la vida en la Tierra, es un voraz consumidor de Hidrógeno, sin él no podría realizar la fusión nuclear, con las consecuencias terribles que esto tendría para nuestro planeta. El Oxígeno, por su parte, es uno de los elementos más importantes de la química orgánica, ya que parti cipa de forma muy importante y “vital” en el ciclo energéti co de los seres vivos, es esencial en la respiración celular de los seres aeróbicos y en las últi mas décadas ha tomado renom...

Early childhood enteric infections have adverse impacts on child growth and can inhibit normal mucosal responses to oral vaccines, two critical components of environmental enteropathy. To evaluate the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity and its relationship with these outcomes, we measured tryptophan and the kynurenine–tryptophan ratio (KTR) in two longitudinal birth cohorts with a high prevalence of stunting. Children in rural Peru and Tanzania (N = 494) contributed 1,251 plasma samples at 3, 7, 15, and 24 months of age and monthly anthropometrics from 0 to 36 months of age. Tryptophan concentrations were directly associated with linear growth from 1 to 8 months after biomarker assessment. A 1-SD increase in tryptophan concentration was associated with a gain in length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) of 0.17 over the next 6 months in Peru (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11�...

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter is a global health threat; however, there is limited information on genomic determinants of resistance in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated genomic determinants of AMR using a collection of whole genome sequenced Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from Iquitos, Peru. Methods: Campylobacter isolates from two paediatric cohort studies enriched with isolates that demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin were sequenced and mined for AMR determinants. Results: The gyrA mutation leading to the Thr86Ile amino acid change was the only gyrA mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance identified. The A2075G mutation in 23S rRNA was present, but three other 23S rRNA mutations previously associated with macrolide resistance were not identified. A resistant-enhancing variant of the cmeABC efflux pump ...