La alpaca es una especie en riesgo de extinción por la vía del cruzamiento indiscriminado, que da lugar a una altísima tasa de hibridación por la cual la pureza genética de esta especie está muy deteriorada; además, los altos índices de consanguinidad, devienen en problemas reproductivos como el reducido coeficiente de correlación peso corporal/peso testicular y una serie de anormalidades visibles en los genitales masculinos. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue evaluar los factores limitantes que determinan la baja productividad alpaquera en estancias alpaqueras de acceso viable de Licapa (Ayacucho) y Pilpichaca (Huancavelica). Los machos fueron seleccionados en cuatro grupos atarlos: machos de 10 a 12 meses de edad (n = 20), machos de 18 a 20 meses de edad (n = 20), machos de 24 a 36 meses de edad (n = 30) y machos con edad mayor a 36 meses (n = 30). Se registró la ...

The empirical use of alpaca rennet in the production of artisanal cheeses with cow’s milk is widespread in the high Andean communities of Perú and Bolivia, and has not been scientifically reported. The objective of the present study was to characterize alpaca rennet and evaluate its coagulating activity. Ready-to-use alpaca curds were collected directly from dairies in four neighborhoods of Viscapalca (Huancavelica-Perú, 4003 masl), which were transported under refrigeration and kept frozen at -20°C. The Crude Enzymatic Extract (CEE) was obtained by centrifugation at 560 x g for 10 min at 4°C, from which proteins were determined by Bradford, SDS-PAGE electrophoretic profile, coagulation time and proteolytic activity. The traditional management of alpaca rennet is also described. CEE was found to contain 29.80 to 52.91 µg/ml of protein. The SDS-PAGE electrophoretic profile revealed...

Aisla células germinales testiculares de Vicugna pacos, las caracteriza morfológicamente y detecta a nivel transcripcional la expresión de biomarcadores específicos para células madre espermatogoniales en tejido gonadal durante el desarrollo testicular posnatal. Los testículos fueron colectados en estancias alpaqueras de Ayacucho y Huancavelica (Aprox. 4,200 m.s.n.m.) y en el Matadero Municipal de Huancavelica (Aprox. 3,600 m.s.n.m.). La biometría testicular, el aislamiento de espermatogonias y la determinación de viabilidad y rendimiento, así como la citometría de flujo, se hicieron a partir de muestras frescas. Para la extracción de RNA por el método del fenol/cloroformo, los testículos fueron previamente obtenidos por castración del animal vivo, transportados en nitrógeno líquido a -196°C y almacenados en ultracongelación a -80°C.Se diseñaron primers con el Program...

The empirical use of alpaca rennet in the production of artisanal cheeses with cow’s milk is widespread in the high Andean communities of Perú and Bolivia, and has not been scientifically reported. The objective of the present study was to characterize alpaca rennet and evaluate its coagulating activity. Ready-to-use alpaca curds were collected directly from dairies in four neighborhoods of Viscapalca (Huancavelica-Perú, 4003 masl), which were transported under refrigeration and kept frozen at -20°C. The Crude Enzymatic Extract (CEE) was obtained by centrifugation at 560 x g for 10 min at 4°C, from which proteins were determined by Bradford, SDS-PAGE electrophoretic profile, coagulation time and proteolytic activity. The traditional management of alpaca rennet is also described. CEE was found to contain 29.80 to 52.91 µg/ml of protein. The SDS-PAGE electrophoretic profile revealed...

A suspension containing the total protein extract of Bacillus thuringiensis of five strains (kurstaki HD-1, thompsoni HD-542, neoleonensis T-24-001, israeliensis HD-500 and israeliensis WHO-2013-9) was obtained. The concentration (mg/ml) of each strain was determined by the Biuret method. The nematicidal activity was evaluated in Petri plates facing eggs and infective larvae (L3) of Nematodirus spathiger against the suspension of total protein extract (1.2 ml). Five treatments (strains) and 10 repetitions were used. The control group contained only the nematodes. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h. Kurstaki HD-1 strain in a concentration of 5.042 mg/ml showed the best anthelmintic efficiency in the three incubation times, obtaining 44.7% mortality in eggs and 45.6% in larva. The total protein extract of B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 contains the nematicidal to...

A suspension containing the total protein extract of Bacillus thuringiensis of five strains (kurstaki HD-1, thompsoni HD-542, neoleonensis T-24-001, israeliensis HD-500 and israeliensis WHO-2013-9) was obtained. The concentration (mg/ml) of each strain was determined by the Biuret method. The nematicidal activity was evaluated in Petri plates facing eggs and infective larvae (L3) of Nematodirus spathiger against the suspension of total protein extract (1.2 ml). Five treatments (strains) and 10 repetitions were used. The control group contained only the nematodes. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h. Kurstaki HD-1 strain in a concentration of 5.042 mg/ml showed the best anthelmintic efficiency in the three incubation times, obtaining 44.7% mortality in eggs and 45.6% in larva. The total protein extract of B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 contains the nematicidal to...

Low motility and low sperm concentration are characteristics of alpaca semen. Thus, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique represents an alternative to improve the reproductive capacity of the male. However, the effect of post-ICSI activation in alpaca is not yet known. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of chemical activators on alpaca embryo development after ICSI. Alpaca ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory. Category I, II and III oocytes were matured for 30 h at 38.5 °C. After ICSI, injected oocytes were randomly divided and activated as follows: i) 5 μM ionomycin for 5 min, ii) 7% ethanol for 4 min, iii) 5 μM ionomycin for 5 min, window period 3 h plus 7% ethanol for 4 min, iv) 5 μM ionomycin for 5 min, window period 3 h, a second ionomycin treatment for 5 min, followed by 1.9 ...