El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las características fanerópticas y morfométricas del ganado vacuno criollo peruano en Ayacucho, Puno y Cajamarca; abarcando características del pelaje, medidas e índices biométricos. Los datos fueron tomados de 421 animales (194 machos y 227 hembras), con cuatro o más dientes permanentes. Las características fanerópticas (patrón de coloración, denominación de pelaje y color primario), se evaluaron mediante observación y registro fotográfico. Las características biométricas se evaluaron en dos regiones (Ayacucho y Puno). Las características fanerópticas fueron analizadas mediante tabulaciones de frecuencias y comparación de proporciones. El análisis de las medidas biométricas comprendió el cálculo de estadísticos de tendencia central y de dispersión; la comparación entre regiones mediante un Diseño Completame...

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la calidad microbiológica de la leche de cabra producida en los predios del Caserío San José de la Comunidad Campesina José Ignacio Távara Pasapera, considerando los criterios microbiológicos de la leche cruda según la Norma Técnica Sanitaria N°071-MINSA/DIGESA-2008, analizándose 5 muestras semanales de 5 predios determinando el recuento de microorganismos aerobios mesófilos a través del método de recuento en placa y el recuento de microorganismos coliformes totales a través del método del número más probable. Dentro de la zona de estudio, el promedio del recuento de aerobios mesófilos fue 4,9 x 10 4 UFC/ml y el promedio del recuento de coliformes totales fue 126 NMP/ml, siendo estos niveles aceptables para las categorías. Se determinó que todos los predios presentan niveles aceptables de aerobios mesófilos (55x10 5 U...

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia Animal

The results of 443 763 periodic controls of daily milk production (DMP) carried out between January 2006 and December 2018 in five Holstein dairy farms in the Lima region were related to meteorological information (maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity), under temperature-humidity indexes (THI) to represent the current state and the trends of the relationships between DMP and possible thermal stress (TS) identified by the level of THI. The DMP levels along the THI levels showed a response curve with a THI tolerance zone where there is little variation in DMP and threshold point at THI >68 from which DMP is reduced at a rate of -0.413 kg of milk per unit of increase in THI. Analyzed as a whole, this negative response represents an impact of -365 kg of milk per cow per year. It is concluded that all the trends are consistent in pointing out antagonism between TS and DMP,...

A total of 352596 results of the test day milk controls (TD), as well as the climatic variables of Temperature and Relative Humidity combined in an index known as ITH, carried out in 5 stables in the Lima region, between January 2006 and December 2018, were available for this study. This database was represented by the TD of 11876 Holstein daughters of 8439 dams and 321 sires and was studied by different random regression models with the objective to estimating the genetic relationships between TD and ITH as an indicator of heat stress (HS). The results indicated that heritability (h2 ), along the ITH scale shows a slightly upward trend (h2 = 0.113±0.01 to 0.187±0.02) until reaching its highest values in the so-called thermal stress zone (ITH>=68 to ITH=77). The genetic correlations (rg) were close to the unit between adjacent or very close ITH levels and decreased as the difference...

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic merit for milk production adjusted to 305 days (PL) in crossbred cattle as selection criteria. Records of productive data was used from 289 purebred and crossbred animals with 349 lactations between 2000 and 2019. To obtain the PL, the incomplete gamma equation proposed by Woods was applied. The statistical and animal models included the random effects: additive genetic, permanent and temporary environments, while the fixed effects were breed composition, lactation and year of initiation of lactation. To analyze the variance components for the calculation of heritability (h2) and repeatability (r) for PL, the VCE v. 6.0 program was used and the breeding values through the animal model using the MTDFRELM software. Eleven inbred animals were reported with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.107 ± 0.115. The mean P...

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic merit for milk production adjusted to 305 days (PL) in crossbred cattle as selection criteria. Records of productive data was used from 289 purebred and crossbred animals with 349 lactations between 2000 and 2019. To obtain the PL, the incomplete gamma equation proposed by Woods was applied. The statistical and animal models included the random effects: additive genetic, permanent and temporary environments, while the fixed effects were breed composition, lactation and year of initiation of lactation. To analyze the variance components for the calculation of heritability (h2) and repeatability (r) for PL, the VCE v. 6.0 program was used and the breeding values through the animal model using the MTDFRELM software. Eleven inbred animals were reported with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.107 ± 0.115. The mean P...