The corporate deadlock is not a situation that remains remote at all in Peruvian’s corporate practice. Despite that fact, Peruvian organizational law was proven to be insufficient to solve this problem. With that scenario, Peruvian corporate lawyers were in the need of seeking contractual solutions, importing Common Law conventional solutions; namely shotgun provisions that are the clauses mostly included in shareholders’ agreements to solve a possible corporate deadlock.This article aims to introduce the shotgun provisions as the most efficient solution before a corporate deadlock situation presented in a sociedad anónima cerrada and sociedad anónima (Peruvian regulated legal entities for private corporations) with shareholders who share equal participation in the Capital. The different possible solutions that the Peruvian General Corporation Law offers will be...

The exponential growth of e-commerce in Peru has generated new problems in the effectiveness of consumer rights and the consequent consumer distrust in e-commerce transactions. Government authorities have repeatedly mentioned that a solution to these problems would be the regulation of electronic consumer’s relationships established at national level. This solution goes on the same page with the tendency of the European Union to regulate digital markets. However, is the legislative initiative an ideal solution to solve the new problems generated by e-commerce?.In this article, the authors find that regulation of e-commerce would not completely solve the new problems generated by it. They evidence the necessity of utilizing market solutions based on new technological mechanisms such as smart contracts. These tools, together with the incentive of the authorities that protect consumers’...

The corporate deadlock is not a situation that remains remote at all in Peruvian’s corporate practice. Despite that fact, Peruvian organizational law was proven to be insufficient to solve this problem. With that scenario, Peruvian corporate lawyers were in the need of seeking contractual solutions, importing Common Law conventional solutions; namely shotgun provisions that are the clauses mostly included in shareholders’ agreements to solve a possible corporate deadlock.This article aims to introduce the shotgun provisions as the most efficient solution before a corporate deadlock situation presented in a sociedad anónima cerrada and sociedad anónima (Peruvian regulated legal entities for private corporations) with shareholders who share equal participation in the Capital. The different possible solutions that the Peruvian General Corporation Law offers will be...

The exponential growth of e-commerce in Peru has generated new problems in the effectiveness of consumer rights and the consequent consumer distrust in e-commerce transactions. Government authorities have repeatedly mentioned that a solution to these problems would be the regulation of electronic consumer’s relationships established at national level. This solution goes on the same page with the tendency of the European Union to regulate digital markets. However, is the legislative initiative an ideal solution to solve the new problems generated by e-commerce?.In this article, the authors find that regulation of e-commerce would not completely solve the new problems generated by it. They evidence the necessity of utilizing market solutions based on new technological mechanisms such as smart contracts. These tool...

The exponential growth of e-commerce in Peru has generated new problems in the effectiveness of consumer rights and the consequent consumer distrust in e-commerce transactions. Government authorities have repeatedly mentioned that a solution to these problems would be the regulation of electronic consumer’s relationships established at national level. This solution goes on the same page with the tendency of the European Union to regulate digital markets. However, is the legislative initiative an ideal solution to solve the new problems generated by e-commerce?.In this article, the authors find that regulation of e-commerce would not completely solve the new problems generated by it. They evidence the necessity of utilizing market solutions based on new technological mechanisms such as smart contracts. These tool...

The corporate deadlock is not a situation that remains remote at all in Peruvian’s corporate practice. Despite that fact, Peruvian organizational law was proven to be insufficient to solve this problem. With that scenario, Peruvian corporate lawyers were in the need of seeking contractual solutions, importing Common Law conventional solutions; namely shotgun provisions that are the clauses mostly included in shareholders’ agreements to solve a possible corporate deadlock.This article aims to introduce the shotgun provisions as the most efficient solution before a corporate deadlock situation presented in a sociedad anónima cerrada and sociedad anónima (Peruvian regulated legal entities for private corporations) with shareholders who share equal participation in the Capital. The different possible solutions that the Peruvian General Corporation Law offers will be...

Esta tesis aborda la falta de presencia femenina en los directorios de las sociedades anónimas abiertas en el Perú y propone soluciones viables para incrementar su participación. El objetivo principal es analizar las causas de esta brecha, evaluar medidas implementadas en otros países y diseñar una alternativa adaptada a la realidad peruana. La investigación utiliza un enfoque descriptivo y analítico, basándose normas y en marcos normativos tanto nacionales e internacionales, estudios empíricos y teorías sobre discriminación estructural y buen gobierno corporativo. Se identificó que la principal barrera para la inclusión femenina es la discriminación estructural hacia la mujer. Entre las soluciones analizadas, se descarta la imposición de cuotas de género obligatorias debido a su limitada viabilidad en el contexto peruano. En su defecto, se propone la Rooney Rule, una med...

The past events that have shaped our world, such as the COVID-19 Pandemic and the different political outcomes, entailed a scenario of major economic uncertainty in the global market that remains, particularly, in our country. Admittedly, mergers and acquisitions of companies (M&A) in Peru have also been heavily affected. However, it is the market agents’ duty to find new strategies to mitigate the economic uncertainty by generating incentives through legal and financial security to the foreign and national investors.Consequently, in this article, the authors have identified the pricing mechanism, employed in Shares Purchase Agreements, as a key element in the recovery and boosting of M&A deals in the Peruvian market driven by uncertainty. Thus, the authors present the pricing mechanisms that have been traditionally used in Shares Purchase Agreements but also introduce the new ...

Los últimos acontecimientos mundiales como la pandemia de la COVID-19 y los distintos escenarios políticos trajeron consigo una gran incertidumbre económica que todavía permanece, especialmente, en el país. En efecto, el sector de fusiones y adquisiciones de empresas (M&A) en el Perú no ha sido ajeno a ésta. Sin embargo, es tarea de los agentes del mercado crear estrategias para mitigar la incertidumbre y generar incentivos para reactivar las inversiones tanto de capital extranjero como peruano. En esa línea, en el presente artículo, las autoras han identificado al mecanismo de pago de precio que se emplea en un contrato de compraventa de acciones como clave en la reactivación y potenciación de las operaciones de M&A en un contexto de incertidumbre económica. Así, las autoras desarrollan los mecanismos de pago de precio que se han empleado en los contratos de compraventa de ...

The past events that have shaped our world, such as the COVID-19 Pandemic and the different political outcomes, entailed a scenario of major economic uncertainty in the global market that remains, particularly, in our country. Admittedly, mergers and acquisitions of companies (M&A) in Peru have also been heavily affected. However, it is the market agents’ duty to find new strategies to mitigate the economic uncertainty by generating incentives through legal and financial security to the foreign and national investors.Consequently, in this article, the authors have identified the pricing mechanism, employed in Shares Purchase Agreements, as a key element in the recovery and boosting of M&A deals in the Peruvian market driven by uncertainty. Thus, the authors present the pricing mechanisms that have been traditionally used in Shares Purchase Agreements but also introduce the new ...