We greatly acknowledge Mr. Daniel Gómez for the technical assistance with the animals. The skillful work Mr. Fructuoso Cuentas on the maintenance of the P50 equipment donated by the International Foundation for Science (IFS) is also gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog??a” (CONCYTEC) Lima—Perú, the Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines (IFEA) and the IFS.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la dependencia del alcohol y la altitud de residencia en 11 aldeas en dos áreas de gran altitud de Perú. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal utilizando una encuesta realizada por médicos en atención primaria de salud en 11 aldeas hasta 2013, que se dividió en baja altitud (≤2500 msnm (sobre el nivel del mar)) y gran altitud (> 2500 msnm ) áreas. La prueba CAGE para el alcoholismo (punto de corte, ≥2) se aplicó a aquellos que respondieron positivamente cuando se les preguntó si consumían alcohol. Se obtuvieron asociaciones estadísticas con modelos lineales generalizados. De los 737 participantes, el 51% eran mujeres y la edad media era de 36 años [rango intercuartil, 25-50], 334 (45%) vivían a baja altitud y 113 (15%) tenían dependencia al alcohol. La frecuencia más alta de alcoholismo se ...

Aim: To investigate the survival impact of clinicopathological factors, including pathological complete response (pCR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) levels according to subtypes, in breast cancer (BC) patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: We evaluated 435 BC patients who presented and received NAC at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas from 2003 to 2014. sTIL was analyzed as the proportion of tumor stroma occupied by lymphocytes, and was prospectively evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the preNAC core biopsy. pCR was considered in the absence of infiltrating cancer cells in primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes. Analysis of statistical association between clinical pathological features, sTIL, pCR and survival were carried out using SPSSvs19. Results: Median age was 49 years (range 24-84 years) and the most frequent...

Aim: Evaluation of features related to infiltrating immune cell level in glioblastoma. Methods: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through H&E staining, and TILs (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) and macrophage (CD68 and CD163) levels through immunohistochemistry were evaluated through digital analysis. Results: CD68 (9.1%), CD163 (2.2%), CD3 (1.6%) and CD8 (1.6%) had the highest density. Higher CD4+ was associated with unmethylated MGMT (p = 0.016). Higher CD8+ was associated with larger tumoral size (p = 0.027). Higher CD163+ was associated with higher age (p = 0.044) and recursive partitioning analysis = 4. Women (p < 0.05), total resection (p < 0.05), MGMT-methylation (p < 0.001), radiotherapy (p < 0.001), chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and lower CD4+ (p < 0.05) were associated with longer overall survival. Conclusion: Macrophages are more frequent than TILs. Some subsets are associated with cli...