This article presents initial important results about a register of non-defined quantifiers in the quechua and ashaninka languages. There are particular cognitive schemas representing the non-defined quantifiers in these languages. They are different, for example, compared with the semantic schemas produced by the Spanish espeakers. The speakers of indigenous languages (Quechua and Ashaninka) relate the non-defined quantity expressions with the notion of quantity units in a holistical way. These quantifiers are related with physical referents because of their own cultural framework which go in the process of their development.

The study of text as a post-sentence-level unit of the language inside the grammar of the languages is still an object which has not been well studied. The known theoretical approaches (structural and generative) have showed effectiveness in analyzing some languages (e.g. English) in the sentence level as a top projection; but communication is actually developed in post-sentence­level units; we mean that grammar rules go beyond sentence structures. In Peru, as well as other american countries in this continent, languages have agglutinant structures, and combined syntax typology. These ones require different approaches in the strict sense of the Text Grammar. It is important to precise the difference of this approach because there are other approaches that lead us to literature analysis or, exclusively, to pragmatism.

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This study focuses on the empirical observation of the use of the second person personal pronouns tú and usted, and the attitude towards the treatment with such pronouns by Spanish speakers residing in the city of Lima (Peru). The result of the research shows differences where the pronoun tú acquires the sense of confidence and/or affectivity as opposed to usted whose expression implies distance and verticality from top to bottom, but there are also uses that indicate a certain degree of linguistic insecurity.

En este artículo se presenta la necesidad urgente de tomar conciencia delproblema concreto que se ha creado durante más de seis décadas en el siglopasado, al presentar diversas propuestas de escritura para las lenguasamerindias, especialmente para el quechua. La idea es trabajar objetivamentecon la finalidad de desarrollar una ortografía que norme el uso de un sistemade escritura común para todos los dialectos. Esto no implica modificaren absoluto la particularidad fonética de cada dialecto. Los propósitoseducativos de la lectoescritura en quechua deben basarse en un sistema deescritura estándar para asegurar la efectividad de su aplicación en nivelesideales como son los de formar escritores, lectores y críticos literarios endicha lengua. Y, entre otros propósitos más, para hacer literatura en la lenguaquechua hace falta un sistema único de escritura para, así, proveer deli...

This work presents basic results but relevant cases of linguistic intercomprehension among related Amazonian and Andean languages in three specific contexts: confluence of Pano family languages, confluence of Arawak family languages and confluence of languages of Quechua family. To test the hypothesis, "... languages of the same language family share a basic grammatical organization which allows intercomprehension”, it has been initiated a pilot project with the Arawak languages. However, this process must continue in order to be able to determine if   the intercomprehension could be given just as other languages. The first results are positive in their application as teaching strategy in EIB.

Estudio de enfoque descriptivo se orienta a registrar los cuantificadores definidos o números cardinales como listas o parte del vocabulario de los hablantes de algunas lenguas originarias brasileñas y peruanas. La importancia que se da al tema se centra en que la mayoría de las lenguas amerindias presentan pocas unidades numerales. Algunas lenguas originarias del Brasil y del Perú son analizadas con el fin de conocer la naturaleza semántica de las unidades lingüísticas de cuantificación definida. Estas unidades lingüísticas son observadas bajo otros parámetros socioculturales, y lo que se percibe es que presentan estructuras y funciones particulares, las cuales yacen en el conocimiento lingüístico y cultural de los hablantes como parte del saber enciclopédico que poseen. Por tanto, esta metodología de abordar el tema conduce a una investigación de carácter etnosemántic...