This article aims to analyze the effects generated by international economic crisis on the exports of a small open economy. Assuming that the international crisis is expressed in global recession and increases in the exchange rate, we evaluate the effect of these two facts on exports through graphical simulations of a previously developed microeconomic model. In the framework of the model of a global recession, especially of the most important countries, results in a fall in import demand, leading to a decline in international prices and, consequently, a decrease of exports. The drop in exports is higher in the non-traditional sector than the traditional exports. The increase in the exchange rate affects exports positively.

This article aims at fundamental to analyze the problem of physical, psychological and sexual violence against women by their spouses. With the aid of a microeconomic model formulated and using the information from ENDES 2009, the results of logistical regression econometric show that the main underlying variables that determine the probability of generating actions of spousal violence against women in Peru are: (a) that the woman is unemployed or not immersed in the labor market, (b) she has been physically assaulted by their parents during infancy or childhood, and (c) she is in a situation of married or conviviality.

This article aims to identify the variables that determine the probability that the adult Peruvian woman head and householder decides to start any business or own enterprise. With information from the National Household Survey (ENAHO), using the econometric technique of logit model and odds ratios, we find that the probability that a woman start a business is determined, in a direct sense, by age, personal social capital, the family size; and, conversely, the level of education attained and household per capita income.

La presente investigación trata de analizar la determinación del nivel de la pobreza departamental en el Perú desde la óptica de la Teoría del Capital Humano. Dado que la acumulación del capital humano depende básicamente de variables relacionadas a la educación, salud y nutrición (ESAN)1, se trata de investigar el grado de relación causal que existe entre estas variables y el nivel de la pobreza económica de las regiones peruanas. El artículo está compuesto de dos partes: en el primero, se formula un modelo teórico que muestra la relación causal que existe entre las variables de ESAN y la pobreza; en el segundo, se efectúa la comprobación empírica de las hipótesis derivadas en el modelo formulado.

The article aims to understand and estimate the influence of development of the international context, especially China’s economic growth, on the large positive performance of exports of Peru´s nontraditional agriculture products in the 1990- 2010 period. In the context of an economic model, econometric regressions made show that China’s economic growth has lead to increases in imports, therefore in the demand and international prices, which has contributed to the growth of Peruvian agricultural exports. The elasticity of the income of demand estimated that for every increase of 1% of Chinese GDP, exports of nontraditional agriculture products in Peru grew by 1,3%, approximately.

Mediante la formulación de un modelo de corte microeconómico se analiza el fenómeno de la infidelidad sexual de la población masculina. La infidelidad sexual es un acto racional y se efectúa bajo una lógica maximizadota de beneficios (bienestar o placer) sujeto a restricciones o costos. Si el beneficio marginal que reporta la infidelidad es mayor que el costo marginal, entonces, el individuo tenderá a incurrir en actos de infidelidad sexual hasta el punto en que el costo marginal sea igual al beneficio marginal.

El presente artículo analiza el problema de la pobreza relacionado causalmente con los factores educativos. En el Perú, la pobreza de ha convertido en un fenómeno estructural y permanente. Al respecto se ha tratado de entender y resolver tal problema sin que el mismo muestre signos sostenidos y notorios hacia su reducción.Es importante profundizar la investigación sobre el problema de la pobreza no sólo por el hecho de que actualmente más de la mitad de la población peruana está en tal situación, sino porque tal grado de pobreza está poniendo en peligro la sostenibilidad o viabilidad de nuestro país hacia una estado de desarrollo o crecimiento económico armónico y sólido en el tiempo.

El Perú, a partir de los primeros años de la década pasada goza de cierta estabilidad económica. En tal contexto, el reto que afronta ahora es el de acelerar su proceso de crecimiento económico.En la década del 80, se implementaron políticas económicas de estabilización en una situación económica muy inestable, ahora, dada la relativa estabilidad, se necesita implementar políticas económicas que permitan acelerar el ritmo de crecimiento económico de largo plazo.

En el marco del modelo microeconómico formulado, los resultados de la regresión econométrica efectuada muestran que la evolución del PBI norteamericano es el principal determinante del proceso de internacionalización de las empresas peruanas del sector de las confecciones; el efecto del ATPDEA es muy marginal. Por ello, el aumento en el grado de internacionalización de éstas empresas se explica fundamentalmente por el proceso de crecimiento económico que está atravesando la economía norteamericana a partir de los primeros años de la década del 90 del siglo pasado.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar la eficiencia del gasto público en el sector educativo peruano. A nivel de departamentos o regiones, existe el predominio de ineficiencia relativa en el gasto público en la educación del nivel primario, la ineficiencia tiende a ser mayor en la medida en que es mayor el nivel de pobreza departamental. Según la frontera de la eficiencia educativa construida bajo la metodología FDH, los cinco departamentos que muestran un mayor grado de eficiencia relativa en el gasto público en la educación primaria son: Huánuco, Lambayeque, Ucayali, Jea y Lima; en tanto que el resto de Los departamentos muestran ineficiencias relativas en menor o mayor grado. Finalmente, según el índice de eficiencia insumo-producto, los cinco departamentos relativamente más eficientes en el gasto público en educación son: Ucayali, Lambayeque, Lim...

This article aims to develop a UNMSM student population employability index by identifying the main conditioning factors affecting their probability of getting employed.Thus, the results show that the mean potential employability index of the UNMSM students stands at 55.51%.The economical regression was made through the probit model method, and the traits assessed were their marks arithmetic mean, responsibility, ease of use of informatics software, job finding skills, work experience, the own perception of their resume to satisfy adequately the general requirements of the market and, overall empathy with their colleagues. We found that there exists a clear correlation with being over the average at this traits and a higher chance of getting employed.

The article’s main purpose is to specify the variables that contribute to the generation of crimes against property (robberies and assaults).Currently, crime against property is the most important problem of violence and urban insecurity in the Peruvian capital and the degree of incidence tends to continue to increase.According to the results of the regressions performed, the main determinants of the generation of these crimes are: inequality in income distribution, drug use, population density and poverty. The elasticities are estimated to be 4.23, 0.20, 0.17 and -0.15 respectively.

This article aims essentially to understand and quantify the degree of victimization and the perception of violence and urban insecurity of children in Metropolitan Lima and Callao. In order to do this we took a survey to 364 children aged between 8-12 years old.According to survey results, children perceive theft and assault in the street as the most important problem. The rate of victimization in children related to thefts and robberies on the than in school (22,3%) or streets (12,6%).77% of respondents feel insecure or unsafe on the streets outside their neighborhood. Their confidence in the institutions responsible for urban safety is low: About 60% have little or no trust in the police, and even worse in watchmen (78%).Children believe that the main factor of why people engage in robbery and assault is that they do not like to work and they want easy carrying.Our logit econometric r...

The article aims to determine the influence of undernourishment in school performance of all 25 Peruvian regions. For this purpose, with statistical information provided by the Ministry of Education and using the econometric technique of the Grouped Ordinary Least Squares, the regional performances of children in Reading Comprehension and Mathematical with malnutrition and a set of control variables were regressed. The results indicate that at a regional level, there is a statistically significant measure that given a 1% decrease in regional children’s undernourishment rate, there is an increase in performance in Reading Comprehension and Mathematics in 0.52% and 0.27% respectively. The nutritional aspect influences school performance through its effect on the cognitive ability of the child.

The objective of this article was to identify the variables that determined the radical change occurred in the structure of the Peruvian agricultural exports, as changing from the predominance of traditional products to non-traditional ones. As this change is fundamentally related to the great growth of non-traditional exports, led by fruit exports, the variables that determined said growth were identified. To this end, under the hypothesis that the determinants are on the supply side, with prior theoretical foundation that puts emphasis on supply factors, using the econometric technique of Ordinary Least Squares, econometric regressions were performed for the four main exported non-traditional products (grape, avocado, blueberry, asparagus). In this way, it was found that its export growth is mainly due to the greater allocation of land to these products, and to a lesser degree to the i...

This article aims to analyze the effects generated by international economic crisis on the exports of a small open economy. Assuming that the international crisis is expressed in global recession and increases in the exchange rate, we evaluate the effect of these two facts on exports through graphical simulations of a previously developed microeconomic model. In the framework of the model of a global recession, especially of the most important countries, results in a fall in import demand, leading to a decline in international prices and, consequently, a decrease of exports. The drop in exports is higher in the non-traditional sector than the traditional exports. The increase in the exchange rate affects exports positively.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar el problema de la violencia física, psicológica y sexual contra las mujeres por parte de sus cónyuges. Con la ayuda de un modelo microeconómico formulado y utilizando la información proporcionada por ENDES 2009, los resultados de la regresión econométrica logística indican que las principales variables subyacentes que determinan la probabilidad de generación de acciones de violencia conyugal contra las mujeres en el Perú son las siguientes: (a) que la mujer esté desempleada o no inmersa en el mercado laboral, (b) que haya sufrido agresiones físicas por parte de sus padres durante su infancia o niñez y, (c) que esté en situación de casada o de convivencia.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las variables que determinan la probabilidad de que la mujer peruana adulta y jefa de hogar decida emprender algún negocio o empresa propia. Con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO), utilizando la técnica econométrica del modelo logit y el odds ratios, encontramos que la probabilidad de que la mujer emprenda negocios está determinada, en sentido directo, por la edad, el capital social personal, el tamaño de la familia y, en sentido inverso, por el nivel de educación alcanzada y el ingreso per cápita del hogar.

La presente investigación trata de analizar la determinación del nivel de la pobreza departamental en el Perú desde la óptica de la Teoría del Capital Humano. Dado que la acumulación del capital humano depende básicamente de variables relacionadas a la educación, salud y nutrición (ESAN)1, se trata de investigar el grado de relación causal que existe entre estas variables y el nivel de la pobreza económica de las regiones peruanas. El artículo está compuesto de dos partes: en el primero, se formula un modelo teórico que muestra la relación causal que existe entre las variables de ESAN y la pobreza; en el segundo, se efectúa la comprobación empírica de las hipótesis derivadas en el modelo formulado.

The article aims to understand and estimate the influence of development of the international context, especially China’s economic growth, on the large positive performance of exports of Peru´s nontraditional agriculture products in the 1990- 2010 period. In the context of an economic model, econometric regressions made show that China’s economic growth has lead to increases in imports, therefore in the demand and international prices, which has contributed to the growth of Peruvian agricultural exports. The elasticity of the income of demand estimated that for every increase of 1% of Chinese GDP, exports of nontraditional agriculture products in Peru grew by 1,3%, approximately.