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artículo
Publicado 2017
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Water (H2O) is by far the most abundant volcanic volatile species and plays a predominant role in driving volcanic eruptions. However, numerous difficulties associated with making accurate measurements of water vapor in volcanic plumes have limited their use as a diagnostic tool. Here we present the first detection of water vapor in a volcanic plume using passive visible-light differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). Ultraviolet and visible-light DOAS measurements were made on 21 May 2016 at Sabancaya Volcano, Peru. We find that Sabancaya's plume contained an exceptionally high relative water vapor abundance 6 months prior to its November 2016 eruption. Our measurements yielded average sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates of 800–900 t/d, H2O emission rates of around 250,000 t/d, and an H2O/SO2 molecular ratio of 1000 which is about an order of magnitude larger than typically...
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objeto de conferencia
Sabancaya Volcano (5960 m) is a stratovolcano located approximately 80 km southeast of the city of Arequipa in southern Peru. In the Holocene, activity at Sabancaya has included several Plinian eruptions which were followed by effusion of massive andesitic and dacitic lava flows that now cover large portions of the west, north and east flanks of the edifice. The Volcanological Observatory of INGEMMET (OVI) uses geophysical and geochemical monitoring techniques to track changes in activity at Sabancaya. The first precursors of the current eruptive crisis were detected in 2014, when a slight but visible increase in fumarolic emissions was observed. Around the same time, sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions were detected for the first time. In 2015, volcano-tectonic and hybridfrequency earthquakes set in, and their frequency of occurrence increased throughout 2015 and into early 2016. Clearly, ma...
3
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted alg...
