The construction of the Colón Theater meant a contribution to the urban evolution of Lima, quickly becoming an important public space for social interaction since its inauguration in 1914. The diffusion of national and international theatrical performances and films took place in its crowded interior with an audience from all social sectors. In its evolution during the 20th century, the Colón reflected, like the rest of Lima’s theaters, architectural progress. The reconstruction carried out in 1941 was no coincidence, to be in keeping with the avant-garde and the harmony of the urban environment where it was located. Through unpublished sources, this article focuses on revealing how was the link that maintained this historical monument as a public space in Lima in the last century with urban progress, until the moment when it began to lose significance and fall into oblivion.

The battle of Ayacucho took place on December 9, 1824, and meant the consolidation of the proclamation of independence made in 1821. Given the proximity of the comme- moration of the first centenary of this historical event, Lima got prepared to receive the foreign delegations that would come to witness the various celebrations. In this context, the construction of a modern hotel that would house visitors was prioritized, with the Hotel Bolívar being inaugurated in 1924. This research analyzes the process followed for such a monumental work to be executed and, through primary sources, will demonstrate the relationship between architecture and patriotic celebrations.

This research analyzes the importance of the construction of Dos de Mayo Hospital in the mid-nineteenth century in the progress and improvement of health in Lima. The need to build it arose as a result of the increase in the population in the city, the growth in the number of patients, the arrival of yellow fever at the beginning of 1868 and the lack of comfort in the hospitals in operation. Dos de Mayo represented the strengthening of the professional and scientific sense of institutions of this type. Through the review of hemerographic sources of the time, the concern to reform the hospital service and improve patient care is observed; in other words, to guarantee one of the fundamental rights of every human being, the right to life.

​This research note updates earlier work that focused on electoral behavior among the urban poor in Lima, Perú. The previous research stopped with the 1983 municipal elections. The data utüized here extend the analysis through the 1985 presidential election and the 1986 municipal election. The results largely reinforce the hypotheses originally proposed for explaining the observed vascillating support for the left by low-income urban voters.

Minimally invasive surgery in the management of gynecologic malignancies has increased considerably in the last decade. The ability to perform minimally surgical procedures has revolutionized care and quality of life outcomes for patients. In this article, we review innovations in minimally invasive surgery and its applications are discussed as well as the experience at National Institute of Neoplasic Diseases of Peru in the treatment of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer.Keywords: Minimally invasive surgery, cancer of endometrium, cancer of uterine cervix, cancer of ovary, laparoscopy, robotic surgery, single-port laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic surgery has had an incursion in gynecologic oncology since the 80s. Its applicability is yet controversial, but last few years evidence allows strong consideration of the technique without forgetting possible adverse effects and consequences of an inadequate management. Methods: We reviewed literature data on indications, long time results, comparative studies and advances. We present our own experience. Results: The literature points out the feasibility and advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy with regards to intraoperatory bleeding, postoperative pain, post surgical hospitalization days and reincorporation to daily activities. Survival results are similar. Extraperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy is a new useful tool in the management of gynecologic tumors. Laparoscopy is amply used in uterine, endometrial and ovarian cancer treatment. New techniques are being developed...

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequent gynecological neoplasms. In our country it represents the third gynecological neoplasia following cervical and ovarian cancer. Most patients are seen in early stages of the disease, as uterine bleeding is an early manifestation. Among the endometrial cancer surgical approaches, midline laparotomy allows surgical staging. Vaginal approach in cases of marked obesity has limitations. Laparoscopy is a surgical technique of growing interest, with more evidence in the literature on its feasibility and advantages.

La optimización de sistemas de aireación a una altura por encima de 3 800 msnm requiere un rediseño, debido a que las condiciones normales en la ciudad de Puno no son estables respecto a las condiciones normales a nivel del mar, de manera que se recalculan condiciones termodinámicas y fisicoquímicas; El presente estudio hace hincapié en la determinación de la saturación de oxígeno en la bahía interior, obteniéndose un valor de 5.76 mg/L; valor importante para el dimensionamiento de la potencia del soplador. Se construyó un diseño experimental factorial 22 para optimizar el caudal necesario (Q), la variación de presión (ΔP) y la potencia óptima (POPT) del soplador cuyos valores optimizados dieron: POPT = 8.51 PSI QOPT = 295.3 Pie3/min  y  POPT = 11.71 KW. Se logró desarrollar el diseño de todos los componentes del generador fotovoltaico (Generador, Acumulador, regulad...

Objectives: To determine sentinel node (SN) detection feasibility and safety by using lymphatic mapping with 99m Tc dextran and injection of blue dye (patent blue) in patients with early cervical cáncer undergoing radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru. Participants: Patients with early cervical cancer. Interventions: Between December 2003 and December 2006, 66 patients with early cervical cancer stages IA2 (n = 2), IB1 (n = 63) and IIA (n = 1) underwent sentinel lymph node detection with lymphoscintigraphy the day before operation and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with blue dye and gamma radiation detection probe. Surgical treatment was completed with radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy by laparotomy. Main outcome measures: Sentinel node detection...

The construction of the Colón Theater meant a contribution to the urban evolution of Lima, quickly becoming an important public space for social interaction since its inauguration in 1914. The diffusion of national and international theatrical performances and films took place in its crowded interior with an audience from all social sectors. In its evolution during the 20th century, the Colón reflected, like the rest of Lima’s theaters, architectural progress. The reconstruction carried out in 1941 was no coincidence, to be in keeping with the avant-garde and the harmony of the urban environment where it was located. Through unpublished sources, this article focuses on revealing how was the link that maintained this historical monument as a public space in Lima in the last century with urban progress, until the moment when it began to lose significance and fall into oblivion.

This paper describes the finding of an extraordinary offering deposited in the final layers of ritual entombment of the sunken patio of the main Paracas building in Cerro del Gentil, located in the mid-valley of Chincha, peruvian southern coast. Because to its excellent state of preservation and the high quality of the elements that constituting this offering, it allows us to delve into the ritual practices developed in the context of an activity of utmost importance to the users of the Cerro del Gentil building just prior to its abandonment during the III century before Christ.

This article presents a synthesis of the main investigations and archaeological evidence related to the Paracas phenomenon of the southern Peruvian coast, which developed during much of the first millennium before our era (800-200 BC). The main investigations, the chronology, the territory covered and the main settlements associated with the material culture linked to this social phenomenon are presented and discussed. Finally, a model of social explanation is presented to understand the social dynamics that allowed the appearance of what is known in archaeological literature as the «Paracas Culture».

The genetic diversity of three populations designated as ecotypes of golden berry (Physalis peruaviana) is studied using protein quantification and polymorphism of seed storage proteins (SSPs) by denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). As well, biochemical characteristics of seed proteins were identified. The populations were from San Pablo province (Agroandino ecotype), Celendín province (Celendino ecotype) and Cajabamba province (Cajabamba ecotype), all from Cajamarca Department. There was not difference among the three populations based on protein quantification. Globulins (82.4%) were the majority fraction followed for albumins (13.9%), glutelins (3.7%) and prolamins (0.7%). Only albumins showed polymorphism, showing 21 proteins between ~6.5 to ~45 kDa and three different electrophoretic profiles, which were share among the three populations. Legumins and vicilin...

Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) is an Andean legume which has an economic importance for their active substances and derivate products. However, there are not morphometric studies which allow characterizing populations to have genetic material for breeding or conservation programs. In the present study morphometric variables are analyzed to identify agro-morphological characteristics which permit differentiate populations. Ten variables of pod and seed from Yauyos and Ayacucho were analyzed; the comparison of means was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney. To determine the relationship between variables a Spearman correlation analysis between populations and taking in account the whole population was performed. According to these results, linear regression models were implemented. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize patterns in the data. Of the ten variables studied,...

“God created man similar to him”, is the sentence of Genesis that directs the study of the talent, symbolizing that we have the power to create life; “and in the end saw that all this was good”, is the biblical quote that corresponds to the value of the goodness, pointing out that Dios for any work of his hands (and we are his hands) is good. This reflection expresses a psychology of the sower must be born of the Catholic charismatic spirituality: renewing the knowledge of the psycho - education, teaching and learning. On the basis of two articulated healthy scenarios that humanity needs to assess: schools and parishes, which represent the micro and macro system favoring, to live in the era of globalization.

In this article, we present an overview of the archaeological theory developed in Peru in the last two decades. For that purpose, first, the place and nature of the theory in Peruvian archaeological practice is considered. Secondly, the political and economic contexts in which the archaeological practice of recent years has developed are briefly described. Third, an outlook of the archaeological theories used in our country is described, focusing on the main developed topics of study. Fourth, other relevant theoretical topics that have been developed in Peruvian archaeology are reviewed. Finally, some issues that deserve further theoretical development in Peruvian archaeology are introduced.

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This article summarizes and discusses the results of our recent archaeological research in the middle valley of Chincha duringthe Late Paracas period (circa 400 BC-100 BC). We present archaeological data (architecture, geoglyphs, ceramics, textiles, etc.)recovered from research on sites in the middle valley in the area including to Cerro del Gentil and the El Mono archaeologicalcomplex. These data, along with previous work by colleagues in the last two generations, allow us to propose new perspectives about development of social complexity in this southern Peruvian coastal valley.