The compositional, physicochemical and hygienic quality of the raw milk collected in two dairy plants in Cotopaxi, Ecuador was analyzed and compared with the Ecuadorian regulations. Ten suppliers were selected per company for a total of 210 samples per dairy plant in 21 consecutive days. The compositional quality (fat) was measured with the INEN 0012 standard, for the physicochemical quality the analysis methods of the standards INEN 0009, INEN 0011, INEN 0013, CONVENIN 1315-79 were used. For hygienic quality was used the AOAC 990.12 standard and to determine antibiotic residues the AuroFlow BTS Combo Strip Test kit was used. The variables of acidity, fat, relative density, color, odor, aspect, pH and antibiotic residues showed compliance with the Ecuadorian regulations and did not show significant differences between the dairy plants. Conversely, the fat and pH content were different be...

The research was carried out in three municipal slaughter centers located in the southwest of Ecuador. Two weeks were used as a pre-experimental phase to validate the method, evaluating animal welfare indicators during entry into the access chute, knockout box, stunning and bleeding. Animal welfare was evaluated on direct, indirect, sensitivity and post mortem head inspection indicators. The sample consisted of 102 animals in Center A and 400 in centers B and C. In A (95.1%) the cattle were stung at least once on the sleeve, in B (41%) slips were observed, while in C (39.3%) vocalizations were recorded. Regarding the knockout box, 26.3% slipped (C), 15.7% fell, 20.6% vocalized (A), and 13.7% attempted to escape (A). The proportion of animals that fell at the first shot was 52.9% (A) and 88% (B and C) with an interval between stunning and bleeding of less than one minute of 4.9% (A), 0.8%...

The compositional, physicochemical and hygienic quality of the raw milk collected in two dairy plants in Cotopaxi, Ecuador was analyzed and compared with the Ecuadorian regulations. Ten suppliers were selected per company for a total of 210 samples per dairy plant in 21 consecutive days. The compositional quality (fat) was measured with the INEN 0012 standard, for the physicochemical quality the analysis methods of the standards INEN 0009, INEN 0011, INEN 0013, CONVENIN 1315-79 were used. For hygienic quality was used the AOAC 990.12 standard and to determine antibiotic residues the AuroFlow BTS Combo Strip Test kit was used. The variables of acidity, fat, relative density, color, odor, aspect, pH and antibiotic residues showed compliance with the Ecuadorian regulations and did not show significant differences between the dairy plants. Conversely, the fat and pH content were different be...

The antimicrobial effect of cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on strains of Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium was evaluated. The cinnamon oil was obtained by the method of steam distillation, decanted, and stored at 4 °C. A completely randomized design was applied with five treatments (10, 30, 50, 70, 90% of cinnamon oil) and five replicates. The determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the extract was verified at 50, 70 and 90% of the oil. On Mueller-Hinton agar, zero colony growth was observed with respect to the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. The strain Salmonella typhimurium presented greater sensitivity to cinnamon oil than the strain Salmonella choleraesuis in relation to the diameter of the halos of sensitivity.

El efecto antimicrobiano del aceite esencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) sobre cepas de Salmonella choleraesuis y Salmonella typhimurium fue investigado. El aceite de canela se obtuvo a través del método de destilación por arrastre de vapor y sometido a decantación, almacenándolo en refrigeración a 4 °C. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos (10, 30, 50, 70 90% de aceite de canela) y cinco repeticiones. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria determinada del extracto se verificó al 50, 70 y 90% del aceite. En agar Mueller-Hinton se observó cero crecimientos de colonias con respecto a la Concentración Bactericida Mínima. La cepa Salmonella typhimurium presentó mayor sensibilidad al aceite de canela que la cepa Salmonella choleraesuis, en referencia al diámetro de los halos de sensibilidad.