The research analyzes the sustainability of environmental indicators, which is essential in the proposals for sustainable development models. In similarity to the ideal physical model of the harmonic movement of masses for its application in a sustainability concept, the Adapted Holzer Method is used to conceptualize the Sustainable Harmonic Movement (MAS) in its economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions of the system components environmental. The main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of MAS are exposed. Likewise, the requirements and the analysis of graphics are established for the acceptance of simulations of the models. Finally, the sustainability simulation results applied to a group of environmental indicators are presented. The application verifies that the analysis of sustainability components using the physical model facilitates decision-making to ...

The research analyzes the sustainability of environmental indicators, which is essential in the proposals for sustainable development models. In similarity to the ideal physical model of the harmonic movement of masses for its application in a sustainability concept, the Adapted Holzer Method is used to conceptualize the Sustainable Harmonic Movement (MAS) in its economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions of the system components environmental. The main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of MAS are exposed. Likewise, the requirements and the analysis of graphics are established for the acceptance of simulations of the models. Finally, the sustainability simulation results applied to a group of environmental indicators are presented. The application verifies that the analysis of sustainability components using the physical model facilitates decision-making to ...

Analiza una alternativa de desarrollo sostenible de la minería artesanal en el ámbito urbano del distrito de Chala a fin de contribuir a su sostenibilidad. El modelamiento de la sostenibilidad se basa en las dimensiones económica, social, ambiental e institucional y tiene como marco conceptual el equilibrio general competitivo en el cual se analiza la interacción económica ambiental. Los instrumentos aplicados a la recolección de datos han sido las encuestas y la opinión de expertos, mediante el uso de técnicas complementadas con información recopilada en los trabajos de campo, y aplicación de la jerarquización de propuestas alternativas mediante la programación dinámica con el desarrollo de los métodos Delphi, Canvas y Holzer adaptado. En una primera etapa se ha determinado la caracterización de la línea base en una segunda etapa se establece el modelo de sostenibilidad ...

The first task of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to carry out an environmental diagnosis of the affected area or to be affected by a certain activity. This implies knowing the environmental components and their interactions, also characterizing the environmental situation from that area before the implementation of the project. In the present investigation of a company in the paper industry, the purpose is to determine the impact it produces on the environment, and above all to reach a mitigation plan by preparing proposals and its feasibility through cost / benefit analyzes. .

The research focuses on the environmental problems generated by informal gold mining by dredges in the Peruvian Amazon, specifically the Yaguas River Putumayo River Basin. Monitoring results effected between 09 and 15 September 1,999, show mercury in river sediments Yaguas (0.3189 and 0.3911 mg Hg / kg), which proves the technical basis for the ability of mercury deposition. The vessels (dredgers) that perform the extraction of gold does not meet the essential environmental standards set by the MEM. As urges broader assessment involving the determination of the toxicity of mercury in the ecosystem of the area through conventional water quality parameters and sediment considered in addition to, or confirming biomarkers negate the hypothesis on the introduction of mercury into the chain and its arrival at the man.

This article shows the results of the research project that included air quality monitoring at eight stations located in different districts of Lima and Callao in 2000. Air quality monitoring basically consisted of measuring material Particulate, lead and arsenic in PM10 in three seasons of the year, late summer, winter and spring. The concentrations at the end of the summer were higher than those of the rest of the year, mainly due to the weather conditions. The monitoring station, located in the Comas district, had a PM10 concentration of 240 mg / m3. A concentration of 1,601 lead in PM10 was found at the Callao monitoring station.

The environmental effects produced by the artisanal mining activity in the town of Relave, cause environmental problems and problems in the health of the inhabitants, which can be remedied with the proposal and execution of an environmental management in accordance with the reality of the area. The research project carried out by teachers and students from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, during 2001, demonstrates that the existing working conditions lack technical supervision and it is necessary to establish environmental management, as well as guidelines so that artisanal activities in gold mining are the most optimal. This task must be carried out with the participation of institutions such as the Congress of the Republic, the National Environment Council, the Ministry of Energy and Mines, the Ministry of Health, the Provincial Municipality, Universities and the Ministry ...

Los efectos ambientales producidos por la actividad minera artesanal en el poblado de Relave, ocasionan problemas ambientales y problemas en la salud de los pobladores lo cual es posible remediar con la propuesta y ejecución de una gestión ambiental acorde con la realidad de la zona. El proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo por doecentes y alumnos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, durante el año 2001, demuestra que las condiciones de trabajo existentes carecen de supervisión técnica y se hace necesario el establecimiento de una gestión ambiental, así como las pautas para que las actividades artesanales de la minería aurífera sean las más óptimas. Esta tarea deberá ser efectuada con la participación de instituciones como el Congreso de la República, Consejo Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Ministerio de Energía y Minas, Ministerio de Salud, Municipio Provincia...

The first task of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to carry out an environmental diagnosis of the affected area or to be affected by a certain activity. This implies knowing the environmental components and their interactions, also characterizing the environmental situation from that area before the implementation of the project. In the present investigation of a company in the paper industry, the purpose is to determine the impact it produces on the environment, and above all to reach a mitigation plan by preparing proposals and its feasibility through cost / benefit analyzes. .

The research focuses on the environmental problems generated by informal gold mining by dredges in the Peruvian Amazon, specifically the Yaguas River Putumayo River Basin. Monitoring results effected between 09 and 15 September 1,999, show mercury in river sediments Yaguas (0.3189 and 0.3911 mg Hg / kg), which proves the technical basis for the ability of mercury deposition. The vessels (dredgers) that perform the extraction of gold does not meet the essential environmental standards set by the MEM. As urges broader assessment involving the determination of the toxicity of mercury in the ecosystem of the area through conventional water quality parameters and sediment considered in addition to, or confirming biomarkers negate the hypothesis on the introduction of mercury into the chain and its arrival at the man.

Este artículo muestra los resultados del proyecto de investigación "Evaluación y Manejo Ambiental en Lima Metropolitana", que incluyó el monitoreo de la calidad del aire en ocho estaciones situadas en diferentes distritos de Lima y Callao en el año 2000. El monitoreo de la calidad del aire consistió, básicamente, en la medición de material particulado, plomo y arsénico en PM10 en tres estaciones del año, a fines de verano, en invierno y primavera. Las concentraciones al final del verano fueron superiores a las del resto del año debido, principalmente, a las condiciones del tiempo. La estación de monitoreo, situada en el distrito de Comas, tuvo una concentración de PM10 de 240 mg/m3. Se halló una concentración de 1.601 de plomo en PM10 en la estación de monitoreo del Callao.

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This article shows the results of the research project "Socio-Economic Impact of Pollution of Beaches in Lima" after monitoring water quality in 1999, carried out in five beaches (La Herradura, Agua Dulce, the Weeds and Makaha Marbella ). Marbella and Herradura were the most polluted beaches. They socioeconomic surveys conducted in different districts of Lima. 58% of respondents showed a preference to go to the beach in his free time during the weekends in the summer. Of these respondents, 71% preferred to go to the beaches of the South that the beaches of Lima, where he carried out the project, and this due to contamination.

This article shows the results of the research project "Socio-Economic Impact of Pollution of Beaches in Lima" after monitoring water quality in 1999, carried out in five beaches (La Herradura, Agua Dulce, the Weeds and Makaha Marbella ). Marbella and Herradura were the most polluted beaches. They socioeconomic surveys conducted in different districts of Lima. 58% of respondents showed a preference to go to the beach in his free time during the weekends in the summer. Of these respondents, 71% preferred to go to the beaches of the South that the beaches of Lima, where he carried out the project, and this due to contamination.

Mine equipment selection is a complex task due to numerous technical, geometrical and economical variables involved. The variety of equipment manufacturers and agents carrying different models, types and sizes make the selection procedure even more complex. The mine planner does not have a tool to correctly select the equipment or fl eet for a project. Simulation fi lls the gap and contributes to this goal. This study tries to apply deterministic and probabilistic simulation approaches in selecting mining equipment using fi eld data from two surface mine operations. The deterministic model uses a one year production plan from a quarry. The equipment fl eet is selected on the basis of minimum unit cost for both drilling and excavation-haulage equipment fl eets. For the probabilistic approach the GPSS language is applied. Programs were prepared for various combinations of loaders and haule...

La elección óptima de equipo en minería superfi cial es una tarea compleja donde intervienen muchas variables técnicas, geométricas y económicas en un ambiente donde existen muchas marcas, modelos y tamaños que compiten por el usuario. El técnico que efectúa la selección no tiene una herramienta apropiada que le permita evaluarlos y decidir por el mejor. La simulación contribuye a efectuar esta selección. En este estudio se desarrolla los modelos determinístico y probabilístico de simulación aplicados a equipos de minado con datos de dos operaciones superfi ciales. En el caso determinístico se simula la producción proyectada de un año de una cantera y en base a costo unitario mínimo se elige la fl ota de equipos tanto en perforación como en acarreo. En la simulación probabilística se usa el lenguaje GPSS para simular modelos de excavación y acarreo para varias comb...