The management of solid dangerous wastes at the Faculty of the Geological, Mining, Metallurgical and Geographical Engineering of the San Marcos National Major University is the first step towards the integration of the environmental system of management at the campus, following standards of quality, for prevention of risks of the health and environment, according to the agenda 21 and the model ISO 14001. This is a pilot project that we implemented and carry out with the participation of students, administrative officers and teachers of the Mining School. This serve as a small laboratory from which the most relevant variable was obtained gathered in order to works adequately the administrative system of pollution waste. We gathered 600 units of dry batteries and alkaline batteries this permitted to avoid the uncontrolled elimination of these pollutants to our environment, due to the great...

The Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos has 20 faculties and 59 professional schools, with a population that exceeds an approximate number of 12,000 people who spend an average of 6 hours a day in the environments of the University City, in each school generally There is a cafeteria that students, teachers and administrative staff use, all of these people generate solid waste. One of the most serious environmental problems in today's society is undoubtedly that of the generation and management of solid waste. The large production of household garbage, furniture remains, rubble and clearing of the gardens forces the establishment of special waste collection and storage services. However, much of this waste continues to be dumped into the river and its banks, accumulates in clandestine landfills and has a serious impact on the landscape, flora and fauna of the place. What is intended ...

The management of solid dangerous wastes at the Faculty of the Geological, Mining, Metallurgical and Geographical Engineering of the San Marcos National Major University is the first step towards the integration of the environmental system of management at the campus, following standards of quality, for prevention of risks of the health and environment, according to the agenda 21 and the model ISO 14001. This is a pilot project that we implemented and carry out with the participation of students, administrative officers and teachers of the Mining School. This serve as a small laboratory from which the most relevant variable was obtained gathered in order to works adequately the administrative system of pollution waste. We gathered 600 units of dry batteries and alkaline batteries this permitted to avoid the uncontrolled elimination of these pollutants to our environment, due to the great...

La Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos tiene 20 facultades y 59 escuelas profesionales, con una población que supera un número aproximado de 12 000 personas que pasan un promedio de 6 horas al dia en los ambientes de la Ciudad Universitaria, En cada escuela por lo general hay una cafeteria que usan los estudiantes, docentes y el personal administrativo, todas estas personas generan residuos solidos. Uno de los problemas ambientales más serios de la sociedad actual es, sin duda, el de la generación y manejo de los residuos sólidos. La gran producción de basuras domésticas, restos de mobiliario, escombros y desmontes de los jardines obliga a establecer servicios especiales de recogida y almacenamiento de los desperdicios. Sin embargo, muchos de estos residuos se siguen vertiendo al río y a sus riberas, se acumulan en vertederos clandestinos y producen un serio impacto sobre el...

The use of roadheader (RH ) equipment for the underground mining of zinc ores in the San Vicente reservoir is analyzed. The characteristics of the ore bodies of the deposit is described in terms of technical and economic terms for removal by continuous mining system . Compared with the method of room and pillar mining with filling up currently applied , through the present value (PV ) of the cost of the two mining systems determining the continuous mining method has the lowest present value cost . The alternative of continuous mining equipment with RH without the use of explosives to break the rock, compared to the current system of mined with explosives, has other advantages , such as reducing the rocky Massif instability caused by vibrations , surface generation uniform in the excavations , reducing environmental pollution by noise, dust and gases that produce the shots and diesel equi...

En yacimientos tabulares inclinados puede establecerse la dirección de profundización óptima, expresada como la ruta del mínimo índice de desencapado, que se traduce como la mínima extracción de estéril y máxima recuperación de mineral. Sea que el yacimiento tenga ley uniforme o variable, hay un punto de inicio de la excavación en superficie y a cualquier profundidad que rinde los mayores ingresos si se elige una dirección óptima de profundización, lo cual puede trazarse conociendo los parámetros geológicos y geométricos del yacimiento y usando conceptos matemáticos fundamentales. Estos límites finales se fijan en secciones verticales geológicos y no requieren la división del yacimiento en bloques. Considerando que cualquier yacimiento mineral tabular irregular o diseminado puede traducirse aproximadamente en un cuerpo tabular regular, el método se aplica a todo yac...

The different factors that influence the spacing of levels and chimneys were analyzed. Some of these factors common to all mining operations that influence the spacing of levels are: Characteristics of the mineral and the encasing rock, economic conditions and the possibility of discovering ore in depth. In the case of chimneys, the most influential factors are geological considerations, the mining method and economic aspects. The most important quantifiable specific variables were considered to be the maintenance of chutes between levels and chimneys, the cost of which increases with the time of use and the volume of material that passes through them, that is, the spacing, and also the efficiency and safety translated into incremental cost. with spacing. Combining variables, two graphs were obtained showing the spacing of levels vs. incremental cost per tonne of ore in chute maintenance...

The study minimizes the cycle waiting time of loading and hauling equipment between loading points of the underground mining operation and unloading points on surface. For this purpose the existing loading and hauling system is first analyzed. Present system consists of four underground loading points and 4 unloading spots on surface. The waiting cost is estimated and then the increment in loading points underground is proved for reducing haulage cost which is a bearing component of the mining cost. By applying queuing techniques the possible reduction in waiting cost is obtained by increasing the number of loading points. The information gathered comes from loading and hauling times measured at site. Evaluated variables were number of loading points vs. waiting time cost of haulers and unit cost of underground ore and waste bins.

The use of roadheader (RH ) equipment for the underground mining of zinc ores in the San Vicente reservoir is analyzed. The characteristics of the ore bodies of the deposit is described in terms of technical and economic terms for removal by continuous mining system . Compared with the method of room and pillar mining with filling up currently applied , through the present value (PV ) of the cost of the two mining systems determining the continuous mining method has the lowest present value cost . The alternative of continuous mining equipment with RH without the use of explosives to break the rock, compared to the current system of mined with explosives, has other advantages , such as reducing the rocky Massif instability caused by vibrations , surface generation uniform in the excavations , reducing environmental pollution by noise, dust and gases that produce the shots and diesel equi...

En yacimientos tabulares inclinados puede establecerse la dirección de profundización óptima, expresada como la ruta del mínimo índice de desencapado, que se traduce como la mínima extracción de estéril y máxima recuperación de mineral. Sea que el yacimiento tenga ley uniforme o variable, hay un punto de inicio de la excavación en superficie y a cualquier profundidad que rinde los mayores ingresos si se elige una dirección óptima de profundización, lo cual puede trazarse conociendo los parámetros geológicos y geométricos del yacimiento y usando conceptos matemáticos fundamentales. Estos límites finales se fijan en secciones verticales geológicos y no requieren la división del yacimiento en bloques. Considerando que cualquier yacimiento mineral tabular irregular o diseminado puede traducirse aproximadamente en un cuerpo tabular regular, el método se aplica a todo yac...

The different factors that influence the spacing of levels and chimneys were analyzed. Some of these factors common to all mining operations that influence the spacing of levels are: Characteristics of the mineral and the encasing rock, economic conditions and the possibility of discovering ore in depth. In the case of chimneys, the most influential factors are geological considerations, the mining method and economic aspects. The most important quantifiable specific variables were considered to be the maintenance of chutes between levels and chimneys, the cost of which increases with the time of use and the volume of material that passes through them, that is, the spacing, and also the efficiency and safety translated into incremental cost. with spacing. Combining variables, two graphs were obtained showing the spacing of levels vs. incremental cost per tonne of ore in chute maintenance...

El estudio minimiza el tiempo improductivo o tiempos de espera de los equipos de carguío y acarreo entre puntos de carguío en interior mina y los puntos de descarga en superficie. Para ello se analiza el sistema existente que consiste en 4 puntos de carguío de materiales en interior mina y 4 puntos de descarga en superficie. Por aplicación de herramientas del modelo de colas se estima el costo de la espera y luego se estudia la posibilidad de reducir este costo incrementando puntos de carguío. La información que se analiza proviene de los tiempos de acarreo y demoras generadas entre los puntos de carguío y los puntos de descarga. La variable que se evalúa es el número de puntos de carguío vs. el costo de la demora de los transportadores más el costo unitario del uso de las tolvas en interior mina.

The feasibility of co-disposal of tailing and clearance is been evaluated in Yauricocha Mine, for which one it is been studied the involved variables such as cut and compression resistance, permeability, density, particle size, chemical composition for tailing and clearance of the mine, leaching facility of minerals in both, influence of seismic acceleration in the stability of tailing and clearance’s slopes. It was found that the most stable mixture from a physical and chemical point of view is three of clearance to one of tailing (3C/1T). The safety factor calculated by the Bishop algorithm SLIDE, is above 1.1 in pseudo-static conditions. In addition, there were evaluated more forms of joint storage for clearance-tailing, concluding that for the Yauricocha conditions, it can be used injections of thickened tailings through perforated pipes placed in the advancing front of the landfil...

Accesible and non accesible underground fires in metal mines may be generated but they are not so frequent as in coal mines. However, metal mine fires generally develop more extensively causing greater losses but with few deaths as compared with coal mine fires. There are many causes of fires in mining operations but those fires in unstable pyrites are more dangenous because of the rapid fine graned sulphyde oxidation in contac with oxigen in air or water. Fires in underground mines may be controlled by flooding of the affected area, suffocation and filling of the area by mud or tailings, this last being the efective way of fire fighting particularly in fires of large extension. Effective ways of fire prevention consist of preventing subsidence of the mined area by appropriate election of the mining method, no use of inflammable materials either as excavation support or insulating barrie...

The Sub drilling length in surface mining production drilling grids, can be reduced or eliminated by addition of air chambers at the bottom of drill holes in blasting rounds. Sub drilling removal means surface mine operations revenue increase due to lower drilling and blasting costs, seismic vibrations decrease at inside and outside excavation areas, stable berms and slopes, productivity increase of drilling, loading, excavation, haulage and primary crushing equipment due to better ore fragmentation. The method was satisfactorily tested in a medium hardness rock at a quarry operation.

The Antilla ore body open pit mining equipment is estimated for a total movement of 544 million metric tons of ore and waste in 20 years of active operation. Mining equipment is evaluated from the point of view of 3 working systems and time savings on the performance system. Three working alternatives are analyzed: Alternative 1 consists of three-8 hour shifts per day, six day per week operation. Alternative 2 includes three-8 hour shifts per day, 7 day per week and alternative 3 consists of four-six hour shifts per day 7 day per week work. Equipment size is chosen as a function of daily production, pit geometry, bench height, working angle and space requirements for safe operation of each equipment. Performance parameters used in equipment estimation were taken from 3 similar mining operations. Lost time analysis on the equipment performance were also considered in order to improve util...

Accesible and non accesible underground fires in metal mines may be generated but they are not so frequent as in coal mines. However, metal mine fires generally develop more extensively causing greater losses but with few deaths as compared with coal mine fires. There are many causes of fires in mining operations but those fires in unstable pyrites are more dangenous because of the rapid fine graned sulphyde oxidation in contac with oxigen in air or water. Fires in underground mines may be controlled by flooding of the affected area, suffocation and filling of the area by mud or tailings, this last being the efective way of fire fighting particularly in fires of large extension. Effective ways of fire prevention consist of preventing subsidence of the mined area by appropriate election of the mining method, no use of inflammable materials either as excavation support or insulating barrie...

La sobreperforación en la malla de perforación de producción en minería superficial puede reducirse o eliminarse mediante el uso de cámaras de aire en el fondo de los taladros de producción. La eliminación de la sobreperforación incrementará la rentabilidad de las operaciones mineras superficiales debido a: menor costo de perforación y voladura, disminución de las vibraciones dentro y fuera del tajo, mayor estabilidad en bermas y taludes, incremento de la productividad de los equipos de perforación, carguío, acarreo, y chancado por mejora en la fragmentación del mineral de mina. Las pruebas efectuadas en una cantera de caliza con roca de dureza media demuestran la factibilidad del método.

The Antilla ore body open pit mining equipment is estimated for a total movement of 544 million metric tons of ore and waste in 20 years of active operation. Mining equipment is evaluated from the point of view of 3 working systems and time savings on the performance system. Three working alternatives are analyzed: Alternative 1 consists of three-8 hour shifts per day, six day per week operation. Alternative 2 includes three-8 hour shifts per day, 7 day per week and alternative 3 consists of four-six hour shifts per day 7 day per week work. Equipment size is chosen as a function of daily production, pit geometry, bench height, working angle and space requirements for safe operation of each equipment. Performance parameters used in equipment estimation were taken from 3 similar mining operations. Lost time analysis on the equipment performance were also considered in order to improve util...

The feasibility of co-disposal of tailing and clearance is been evaluated in Yauricocha Mine, for which one it is been studied the involved variables such as cut and compression resistance, permeability, density, particle size, chemical composition for tailing and clearance of the mine, leaching facility of minerals in both, influence of seismic acceleration in the stability of tailing and clearance’s slopes. It was found that the most stable mixture from a physical and chemical point of view is three of clearance to one of tailing (3C/1T). The safety factor calculated by the Bishop algorithm SLIDE, is above 1.1 in pseudo-static conditions. In addition, there were evaluated more forms of joint storage for clearance-tailing, concluding that for the Yauricocha conditions, it can be used injections of thickened tailings through perforated pipes placed in the advancing front of the landfil...