Objective: To develop a mathematical model that incorporates the mortality, incidence and prevalence of Mexico’s most common diseases—ulcer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity—in order to improve the accuracy of future medication demand predictions. The model utilizes Markov chains, Monte Carlo simulations, econometric methods and financial projections. Materials and methods: A research design was employed using a predictive mathematical model based on econometric and f inancial approaches, such as Markov chains and Monte Carlo simulations. A simulated population of 20,000 individuals was analyzed over 10 simulation cycles in Excel, where individuals transitioned between the healthy, sick and deceased states. The model included previously researched rates of mortality, incidence and prevalence. Results: Transition tables with probabilities, based on Mexico's most co...

Objective: To make a comparison between the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) and the conventional open approach of thyroidectomies performed at the Hospital Central del Estado de Chihuahua. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 10 patients who underwent total or partial thyroidectomies using either an endoscopic technique or conventional open surgery between March 2018 and March 2019. The study included patient demographics (age and body mass index [BMI]), indications for surgery (tumor size by ultrasound), surgical history and comorbidities, surgical time (in hours for both open and endoscopic procedures), number of conversions required, length of hospital stay, histopathological results from intraoperative and definitive biopsies, and immediate and late postoperative complications specific to both procedures. During the TOETVA, t...