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Este documento presenta un análisis sobre la situación del proceso de descentralización en el Perú en las últimas dos décadas, haciendo especial énfasis en la situación de los gobiernos regionales. Dentro de este análisis se examinan los avances y retrocesos de dicho proceso en sus tres dimensiones: administrativa, política y fiscal.

The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...

This article examines territorial unevenness of subnational democracy in Latin American unitary countries. While current research has focused almost exclusively on subnational regimes in federal states, existing theories face several limitations when “travelling” to the local level in unitary countries. The goal of this paper is to explain the continuity of local caudillos in office in urban settings. Contrary to the prevailing interaction-based explanations present in the literature, I propose a theoretical framework that focuses on local factors, the concept of local caudillo and the exercise of power (informal political practices). I argue that to secure their continuity in office, local caudillos need to pursue simultaneously three basic goals: foster their electoral base, control local political opposition, and neutralize other social and political actors. Based on extensive fie...

The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...

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The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...

En la última década, la mitad de los países latinoamericanos cambió las reglas de reelección de los cargos ejecutivos locales. Sin embargo, estas reformas han tenido diversas modalidades y han ido en diferentes direcciones hacia reglas más permisivas o más restrictivas. Pese a su importancia y su frecuencia, la literatura comparada ha dedicado escasa atención a las reformas de los sistemas electorales subnacionales. En este artículo se describen los procesos reformistas y se ofrece una clasificación de las reformas de reelección de los alcaldes con el fin de entender mejor las maneras, las estrategias y las razones de estos cambios de reglas. El trabajo muestra que las reformas pocas veces toman en cuenta la dinámica política local y a sus actores, y se ven en la mayor parte “arrastradas” por lógicas políticas nacionales.