The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...

La relación entre dinero y política ha sido poco explorada en las investigaciones comparadas sobre la competencia de los sistemas políticos latinoamericanos. Este artículo explora el modo en que las mujeres pueden acceder a los recursos para sus campañas electorales y analiza las diferentes estrategias institucionales que se pueden impulsar para romper con las barreras que ellas enfrentan cuando quieren hacer política. El argumento sostiene que las reglas institucionales son un incentivo que puede transformar el escenario de juego y las barreras que reproducen las brechas de género. Esta investigación analiza los regímenes de financiamiento electoral aprobados en diecinueve países de América Latina y el Caribe, y que se encuentran disponibles en el Observatorio de Reformas Políticas en América Latina; examina las estrategias institucionales con perspectiva de género que se ...

The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...

The objective of these article is to evaluate different kinds of methodological tools thatmeasure the levels of congruence of the competition within de multi-level party systems, unders- tanding this last one as the levels of similitude that are experimented by the different districts where political parties compete. It starts from the premise that every party system is multi- level because in that system exists competition in different institutional levels (and in different districts simultaneously). The relevance of multi-level appears when national elections and subnational elections dynamics are not necessarily equals, and it is required to overcome the methodological traditional nationalism that it has been experimented until the moment in the research agenda about parties and party systems. The review of the concept of «congruence» is not exhaustive, and it seeks to syste...