Encephalitis against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is included in the group of autoimmune encephalitis. It is more common in women in reproductive age. The first clinical features may be similar to viral infections prodromes. It is sometimes related to neoplasms. The accurate diagnosis and early administration of immunomodulatory therapy is critical to the prognosis. In this article, a review of the literature was performed and two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in different stages of life are presented.

Objetivo: Describir las características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con demencia frontotemporal varianteconductual (DFTvc) y compararlas con las de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Pacientes y métodos:Se evaluó una muestra de 60 controles sanos, 60 pacientes con EA y 32 pacientes con DFTvc, empleando una bateríaneuropsicológica clásica. Resultados: Los pacientes con DFTvc tienen peor rendimiento que pacientes con EA enalgunos parámetros de atención y funciones ejecutivas (FE) y menor compromiso de la memoria. La evaluaciónde atención muestra diferencia altamente significativa en el rendimiento del Trail Making Test (TMT)-A entre EAy DFTvc (t28=-2,18, p<0,001). De la misma manera, en la evaluación de FE, sólo el TMT-B (t31= -6,8, p<0,001) ylas respuestas perseverativas en el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (U = 30,5, p<0,001) alcanzaron diferenciaest...

La afasia progresiva primaria (APP) es un síndrome clínico neurodegenerativo caracterizado por compromisoprogresivo del lenguaje, diagnosticado cuando completa tres criterios nucleares. Primero, debe existir compromisodel lenguaje, que interfiera con el uso o comprensión de las palabras. Segundo, el plan de trabajo diagnósticodebe demostrar que la enfermedad es neurodegenerativa, y además progresiva. Tercero, la afasia debe progresarrelativamente aislada, sin afectación del comportamiento o de memoria episódica. El compromiso del lenguajepuede ser fluente o no fluente y puede o no interferir con la comprensión de las palabras. La memoria para hechosrecientes está preservada, sin embargo los puntajes de memoria obtenidos en las pruebas mediadas verbalmentepueden ser anormales. Pueden presentarse cambios menores en personalidad o en la conducta, pero no llevan alpaciente a la cons...

Introduction: As disease-modifying therapies become available for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), detection of AD in early stages of illness (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], early dementia) becomes increasingly important. Biomarkers for AD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are costly and not widely available; hence, it is important to identify cognitive tests that correlate well with AD biomarker status. In this study, we evaluated the memory alteration test (M@T) to detect biomarker-proven AD and quantify its correlation with neurodegeneration and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in a cohort of participants from Lima, Peru. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cohort of 185 participants: 63 controls, 53 with amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 69 with dementia due to AD. Participants underwent testing with M@T and a gold standard neuropsychological battery. We measured total ta...

Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia is an important cause of dementia, and its diagnosis is complex due to the multiple neurocognitive manifestations that patients present. Eating disorders associated with this pathology have been reported, but phagophobia is an atypical manifestation. Case report: We present the case of a 74-year-old adult patient with onset of phagophobia associated with a progressive and significant loss of executive functions, compromised spatial orientation, presenting in parallel a marked compromise in instrumental daily activities, psychotic symptoms, apathy, gait disturbance and sleep problems. Conclusions: It is important that adult and older patients with eating disorders, particularly those who also present cognitive, behavioural and social dysfunction are evaluated to rule out the broad spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, since timely diagnosis and treatme...