Se han publicado dos estudios confirmando el retroceso de la superficie cubierto de nieve en el Glaciar Coropuna, Arequipa (Racoviteanu et al., 2007; Peduzzi et al., 2010). Generalmente, se atribuye estos procesos anómalos al fenómeno de calentamiento global, teniendo como agentes de forzamiento radiativo principales a los gases de efecto invernadero. En años recientes, se le ha dado importancia al estudio de carbono negro y otras partículas absorbentes de luz (IPCC, 2013), debido a que tienen un forzamiento radiativo considerable en la superficie de la nieve y su tiempo de vida en la atmósfera es bastante menor al tiempo de vida media de los gases de efecto invernadero. En la presente investigación se realizaron muestreos de nieve durante cinco meses, a tres altitudes diferentes para determinar la concentración de partículas absorbentes de luz. Las muestras de nieve fueron fundi...

Water is an essential resource for social and economic development. The availability of this resource is constantly threatened by the rapid increase in its demand. This research assesses current (2010–2016), short- (2017–2040), middle- (2041–2070), and long-term (2071–2099) levels of water security considering socio-economic and climate change scenarios using the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) in Vilcanota-Urubamba (VUB) catchment. The streamflow data of the Pisac hydrometric station were used to calibrate (1987–2006) and validate (2007–2016) the WEAP Model applied to the VUB region. The Nash Sutcliffe efficiency values were 0.60 and 0.84 for calibration and validation, respectively. Different scenarios were generated for socio-economic factors (population growth and increased irrigation efficiency) and the impact of climate change to evaluate their effect on the...

A new FAO Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration gridded dataset is introduced, called PISCOeo_pm. PISCOeo_pm has been developed for the 1981–2016 period at ~1 km (0.01°) spatial resolution for the entire continental Peruvian territory. The framework for the development of PISCOeo_pm is based on previously generated gridded data of meteorological subvariables such as air temperature (maximum and minimum), sunshine duration, dew point temperature, and wind speed. Different steps, i.e., (i) quality control, (ii) gap-filling, (iii) homogenization, and (iv) spatial interpolation, were applied to the subvariables. Based on the results of an independent validation, on average, PISCOeo_pm exhibits better precision than three existing gridded products (CRU_TS, TerraClimate, and ERA5-Land) because it presents a predictive capacity above the average observed using daily and monthly data...