The purpose of this study was to determine whether university students have better self-esteem than students from technological institutes in Arequipa. The participants were 770 students, 385 from 4 technological institutes (2 public and 2 private) y 385 students from 2 universities (1 public and 1 private), 608 (79%) were men and 162 (21%) females. A demographic form and the Culture Independent Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI-2) (Battle, 1992) were administered. It was found that high school students have significantly better self-esteem than college students, that females have better self-esteem than males, that self-esteem is better at ages 16 to 19 years, and that college electronics students and technology mechanics students have better levels of self-esteem.

In order to facilitate the understanding of tools that monitor general health, we developed a systematic review of the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to determine the risk factors that explain the psychological problems that were identified in the general population. Previously, a bibliometric approach was carried out to identify research trends on the scientific literature of the GHQ-28. We use Web of Science and Scopus as information sources to retrieve scientific production on GHQ-28, from 2016 and 2021 in English and Spanish. We retrieved 45 studies obtained by search equations, including only 33 systematic review studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A massive increase in post-covid-19 pandemic mental health problems was identified, being reported using the GHQ-28 instrument. Common risk factors are identified that inform mental health deterior...