It is important to note that credit card is a small loan, which makes use through the issuance of a custom plastic card has a magnetic strip and a number of relief. It serves as a means of payment for purchases and deferring payments for several months to get credit and pay off other debts. Credit card replaces cash, purchases are made during the period are accumulated in a monthly balance and debited to the card holder. Credit cards are used to obtain loans of small amounts until the card limit without prior approval, the money deferred interest incurred in a card. Credit cards are also used, wrongly, to cancel debts, there are better solutions to achieve the same purpose: the other forms of credit, less costly.

How much foreign capital in Peru? This paper, based on studies of BCRP, gives an answer to this question. Before defining the concept of interest rate. Then, in turn, are analyzed nine macroeconomic factors that affect interest rates, the characteristics of the Peruvian market credit (distinguishing: dual currency market, lower interest rates offered for loans in dollars, customer type, interest rate spread, information asymmetry, lending technologies, competitive market structure of credit, performance guarantees, market development and trends of declining interest rates), microeconomic factors determining interest rates, cost of funds, credit risk, costs operational and expected utility, which determine interest rates, and finally other concepts that are added to the interest rate to disclose the rate of effective cost of credit. Therefore, the effective rate of the lending rate is low...

First is explained the reasons for this article, it mentions the specific legal rules that support the settlement of interest on the credit operations of companies in the financial system with end users, and then presents the average interest rates of some operations credit. Then we present the formula for calculating interest, and illustrates its application with examples 1 and 2 (the simplest). The following is, in examples 3 and 4, the calculation of interest with imputation of partial payments, if partial payments exceed the accrued interest, debt principal is reduced with each partial payment, otherwise, the principal debt remains constant, increases the debt due to accrued interest not yet paid. In such a situation, the partial payments are applied to the interest due more expensive, increases the debt due. Finally, I explain the formula for calculating simple interest, which elimi...

La regulación de la tasa de interés por el capital prestado, entendida como parte de la política económica de los Estados, se generalizó en el siglo XX con sucesivas normas legales, las que aún bajo el predominio de la tesis de libre mercado requieren atención; puesto que el costo del crédito constituye una parte importante del costo de los bienes y servicios y explica la competitividad de las empresas productoras de bienes tangibles y servicios no financieros. Esta constatación nos motiva a recordar en forma cronológica, las normas legales sobre tasas de interés máximas y de transparencia de información en el sistema financiero e ilustrar con ejemplos la forma de cálculo de intereses con tasas pactadas y tasas máximas.

En el presente artículo se ilustra con ejemplos la forma de cálculo de intereses legales en el Pe de acuerdo con las normas pertinentes del Código Civil y la metodología del BCRP; luego se analiza la capitalización de intereses teniendo en cuenta la realidad económica y financiera del país.

The problem with many members of the private system of pension in Peru, these days, is the election commission scheme to AFP, Law 29903 establishes two: a salary percentage, as is being done or a joint committee, formed with a decreasing percentage of the salary and another on the accumulated balance for 10 years, if the members does not choose until May 31th, the salary percentage, automatically most of them will pass to the mix plan of commission, experts warn. According to our estimates made in Section 3, the difference between the two plans would be minimal, imperceptible to most of the members because the AFP are free to raise or lower the annual fee on the accumulated balance to his will, the choice of members by one or another plan does not affect the freedom of AFP to modify the annual fee, according to market signals.

The problem is the repeated failure of the Peruvian government of its own law on remunerative amounts of magistrates of the judiciary and especially of teachers of public universities, which creates discomfort, indeed by the parallel application of labor regimes in the private sector, but is administered as public and private costs. The monthly remuneration received, freely available, of Congress in the last 15 years was higher than S /. 23 000.00, remuneration of senior judges and trial is less than what is stated in Article 186 of the Law on the Judiciary, the approved remuneration of teachers in the San Marcos National University - UNMSM represents less than a third income of the judges of the levels with which was approved. The social benefit amounts calculated with the rules of Congress Rules contrast with the amounts calculated with the rules of the Legislative Decree 276, the diff...

The nominal interest rates is normally used to cal-culate simple and compound interest rates (under some assumptions or conditions). In contrast, the effective rate used to calculate simple interest is not usual. However, in Peru used to calculate labor legal interest; then the problem is decapitalize the effecti-ve rate of legal interest, as their accumulated factor, through experiments in Excel, note the properties of the strengthening and establishment, and analyzing the results, which confirmed our a presumption, the possibility to calculate the average cumulative factor built with the effective interest rate of any period to calculate simple interest daily factor, which has been shown in research work in 2013, entitled “financial Mathematics with Applications in Excel “and now embodied in this article.

How to update the debt of the Bonds for Reconstruc-tion and Development Bonds issued by the Peruvian Government in currencies that were withdrawn from circulation ? Constitutes the problem that this article trying to explain. The operation requires updating previously discerning about the good of economic and the in-dicators for value to be applied in the calculations; in that sense, we propose two methods: Update the US dollar, dollarized debt at the date of issuance of the bonds, plus interest, and updating debt IPC; with which it sums are reasonable; however, expectations fade bondholders reconstruction and development bonds, excited by outsized financial same active low amount of values exposed to hyperinflation; some believe that their purchasing power increased by tens of millions, when in fact hyperinflation has effects opposite direction.

The purpose of the National Housing Fund (FO-NAVI) was to facilitate access to home ownership to contributing workers, denatured mismanagement of successive governments and allocation of resources to works of electrification, water and sewer for urban shantytowns, motivated the law No. 29625 passed by referendum, so that the FONAVI law refunds money to the workers who contributed to it. The problem is complex; here we address only an edge: the liquidation of contributions to FONAVI, with paycheck stubs and updates, using the accumulated factors of legal interest rates. The results are reasonable amounts on average, much higher than what was ordered by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, in contravention of Law 29625. However, the amounts updated with the legal interest rate of workers retired in 1990 or in previous years, would be lower than simple dollarization with the exchange rates ...

By the law 29625 approved by referendum in late 2010, the return of contributions to FONAVI was approved. In early 2012, the Bar Association of Callao put an unconstitutional claim against it. The Constitutional Court on the judgment of File No. 0007-2012-PI / TC, October 2012, declared the unconstitutional claim unfounded and interprets Article 1 of the stated Act; the return of contributions to the fund individually and collectively, in the first case the contributions made by workers, in the second case the contributions made by their employers, the state and others, what is called “collective solidarity fund”. Therefore, the problem is how to separate the collective solidarity fund every month and every year from the total collective contributions to FONAVI obtained in each period. From November 1993 to August 1998 discriminating the amounts collected by the SUNAT, 2,129 million ...

The Peruvian financial market liberalization starting from 1991 facilitated in the subsequent years, 1993- 1997, the operation of new banks and financial companies to mainly meet the demand for consumer loans and of micro-enterprises. These banks expanded massively in a short time in low-income sectors. However, the size of the market and high costs for micro lending, even with high interest rates, moderated the expectations of more competition. Since 1998, ten newly arrived companies left from the local market due to bankruptcy, retreated to their country of origin or merged. The number of banks remained as before, but with a growing demand for consumer loans. On the demand side, the properties given in warranty by the defaulted borrowers were embargoed and auctioned, which reveals partially that the problem of low-income sectors is not liquidity but economic. To analyze the trends of c...

It is important to note that credit card is a small loan, which makes use through the issuance of a custom plastic card has a magnetic strip and a number of relief. It serves as a means of payment for purchases and deferring payments for several months to get credit and pay off other debts. Credit card replaces cash, purchases are made during the period are accumulated in a monthly balance and debited to the card holder. Credit cards are used to obtain loans of small amounts until the card limit without prior approval, the money deferred interest incurred in a card. Credit cards are also used, wrongly, to cancel debts, there are better solutions to achieve the same purpose: the other forms of credit, less costly.

¿Cuánto cuesta el capital ajeno en el Perú? El presente trabajo, con base en los estudios del BCRP, da una respuesta a esta interrogante. Previamente se define el concepto tasa de interés. A continuación, sucesivamente, se analizan nueve factores macroeconómicos que afectan las tasas de interés; las características del mercado peruano de crédito (diferenciando: mercado bimonetario, menores tasas de interés para créditos ofertados en dólares, tipo de cliente, dispersión de tasas de interés, asimetría de información, tecnologías crediticias, estructura competitiva del mercado de crédito, ejecución de garantías, evolución de mercado y tendencias decrecientes de las tasas de interés), los factores microeconómicos determinantes de las tasas de interés: costo de fondos, riesgo de crédito, costos operativos y utilidad esperada, los cuales determinan las tasas de interé...

Primero se explica las razones que justifican el presente artículo; se menciona las normas legales específicas que sustentan la liquidación de intereses de las operaciones de crédito de las empresas del Sistema Financiero con usuarios finales; a continuación se presenta las tasas de interés promedio de algunas operaciones de crédito. Luego se presenta la fórmula de cálculo de intereses; e ilustra su aplicación con los ejemplos 1 y 2 (los más sencillos). A continuación se expone, en los ejemplos 3 y 4, el cálculo de intereses con imputación de pagos parciales; si los pagos parciales superan a los intereses devengados, la deuda principal se reduce con cada pago parcial; en caso contrario, la deuda principal se mantiene constante, la deuda vencida aumenta con los intereses devengados aún no pagados. En tal situación; los pagos parciales se aplican al interés devengado más ...

La regulación de la tasa de interés por el capital prestado, entendida como parte de la política económica de los Estados, se generalizó en el siglo XX con sucesivas normas legales, las que aún bajo el predominio de la tesis de libre mercado requieren atención; puesto que el costo del crédito constituye una parte importante del costo de los bienes y servicios y explica la competitividad de las empresas productoras de bienes tangibles y servicios no financieros. Esta constatación nos motiva a recordar en forma cronológica, las normas legales sobre tasas de interés máximas y de transparencia de información en el sistema financiero e ilustrar con ejemplos la forma de cálculo de intereses con tasas pactadas y tasas máximas.

En el presente artículo se ilustra con ejemplos la forma de cálculo de intereses legales en el Pe de acuerdo con las normas pertinentes del Código Civil y la metodología del BCRP; luego se analiza la capitalización de intereses teniendo en cuenta la realidad económica y financiera del país.

The problem with many members of the private system of pension in Peru, these days, is the election commission scheme to AFP, Law 29903 establishes two: a salary percentage, as is being done or a joint committee, formed with a decreasing percentage of the salary and another on the accumulated balance for 10 years, if the members does not choose until May 31th, the salary percentage, automatically most of them will pass to the mix plan of commission, experts warn. According to our estimates made in Section 3, the difference between the two plans would be minimal, imperceptible to most of the members because the AFP are free to raise or lower the annual fee on the accumulated balance to his will, the choice of members by one or another plan does not affect the freedom of AFP to modify the annual fee, according to market signals.

El problema es el incumplimiento reiterado del gobierno peruano de sus propias disposiciones legales sobre montos remunerativos de los magistrados del Poder Judicial y, especialmente, de los docentes de las universidades públicas, lo que genera malestar, más aún por la aplicación paralela de los regímenes laborales en el sector privado que se administra como público pero cuesta como privado. La remuneración mensual de libre disposición de los congresistas en los últimos 15 años fue mayor a S/. 23 000.00; la remuneración de los jueces superiores y de primera instancia es menor de lo que dispone el artículo 186° de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial; la remuneración homologada de los docentes de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM representa menos de la tercera parte de los ingresos de los magistrados de los niveles con los cuales se homologó. Los montos de ...

The nominal interest rates is normally used to cal-culate simple and compound interest rates (under some assumptions or conditions). In contrast, the effective rate used to calculate simple interest is not usual. However, in Peru used to calculate labor legal interest; then the problem is decapitalize the effecti-ve rate of legal interest, as their accumulated factor, through experiments in Excel, note the properties of the strengthening and establishment, and analyzing the results, which confirmed our a presumption, the possibility to calculate the average cumulative factor built with the effective interest rate of any period to calculate simple interest daily factor, which has been shown in research work in 2013, entitled “financial Mathematics with Applications in Excel “and now embodied in this article.