The objectives of this study were to assess the psychometric properties of the Coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C) by testing four different hypotheses. A procedure of translation and adaptation of the instrument between different languages and cultures was carried out. A total of 350 national level Brazilian athletes (aged between 15 and 17 years; mean = 17.0, SD = 1.7) completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) were performed. Consistent with previous work on the EDMCQ-C, all solutions failed to achieve suitable levels of fit for a hierarchical model represented by five climate dimensions (autonomy-supportive, controlling, task-involving, ego-involving, and socially-supportive) and two global dimensions (empowering and disempowering). The 2-ESEM solution provide...

Recently, the skill to play games has led to the professionalization of the activity in the form of “eSports” (electronic sports). Despite the popularity of eSports, little is known about its professional players from a psychological perspective. Given the importance of the coach-created environment in the athletes’ motivational processes, this study aimed to investigate the key psychological dimensions of the coach-created climate in 75 Brazilian professional players of League of Legends (LoL) considering the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Achievement Goal Theory (AGT). Fourteen hypotheses were tested, of which seven were confirmed. The empowering climate was a predictor of basic psychological-needs satisfaction and indirectly influenced autonomous motivation. The need satisfaction had a significant impact on both autonomous motivation and on lack of motivation, which, in tur...

The Mental Toughness (MT) construct is considered an essential component of sports performance, therefore, it is important to examine how programs to develop MT are being offered and applied to athletes. In this sense, the objective of this study was to review the literature in relation to psychological training programs (PST) applied for the development of Mental Toughness in the sport context. The Scielo, PubMed, SportDiscus, BVS, Embase, and Psynet databases were used, considering the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. The program EndNote® was used to store and organize the material. The inclusion criteria were full papers, with athletes, investigating the psychological training for MT development; the exclusion criteria were: review studies, studies of areas other than sports, and psychological training carried out with injured athletes. The results show 1.858 studies and, f...

The aim of the study was to investigate, through a systematic review of the literature, the relationship between athletes’ emotional regulation in performance or competition. The strategy (SPIDER) was used, and the keywords were used according to the respective vocabulary restricted to each database (PubMed, SciElo, Portal BVS, SPORTDiscus, PsycNET). The Boolean operators AND and OR were used, and 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria were adopted. This systematic review is registered on the PROSPERO platform under the ID CRD42020216250. For analysis and qualitative synthesis, 10 studies were included, and 16 modalities were identified with a sample of 434 athletes, 84.1% male and 15.9% female. Regarding the results, we can observe that the relationship between regulation and sports performance lies in the interaction of environmental, social, and psychological factors, which can trigge...