The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus causing the ongoing pandemic. In general, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop respiratory diseases. The first symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea that rapidly progress to pneumonia. Additionally, extrapulmonary manifestations, such as those in the gastrointestinal system, have been reported. It has been described that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2) for S protein priming favor SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells. These proteins are expressed in alveolar type II cells as well as in ileum and colon enterocytes, thus detecting the virus in the digestive tract. We present the case of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and gastrointestinal findings such as pneumatosis intestinalis and ischemic colitis.

El lactato es un metabolito altamente dinámico que, en condiciones anaerobias, es producido por hipoxia o isquemia; y en condiciones aerobias, es sintetizado por un mecanismo impulsado por la estimulación adrenérgica, a través del receptor β2, que potencia la acción de la bomba sodio-potasio, y por un estado de glicólisis aerobia acelerada. Este metabolito es capaz de intercambiarse entre diferentes células productoras y consumidoras, con lo que asegura la materia prima para obtener energía. El sistema nervioso simpático responde a los estímulos de estrés con la liberación de catecolaminas, que actúan como hormonas y como neurotransmisores en varios tejidos del cuerpo y permiten un aumento del metabolismo que eleva los valores de glucosa y el oxígeno disponible. Existe una relación fisiológica de dependencia entre las catecolaminas y la producción de lactato que predisp...

Lactate is a highly dynamic metabolite that is produced, under anaerobic conditions, due to hypoxia or ischemia. Under aerobic conditions, it is synthesized by a mechanism driven by the stimulation of the β2 adrenergic receptor, which increases the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, and by a state of accelerated aerobic glycolysis. This metabolite is capable of being exchanged between different producing and consuming cells, ensuring the raw material for energy production.The sympathetic nervous system responds to stress stimuli through the release of catecholamines, which act as hormones and neurotransmitters in various tissues of the body, allowing an increase in metabolism that raises glucose and available oxygen levels.There is a physiological dependence between catecholamine levels and lactate production, predisposing the body to respond effectively to a stressful situation. Ho...

The Janus-Kinase signal transducer and the transcription activation pathway known as JAK /STAT is a major signaling pathway for the transduction of information in many inflammatory cytokines involved during sepsis. The JAK / STAT pathway has been shown to be strongly related to multiorgan failure, and many cytokines can exert their biological effects through this pathway. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding functions of this complex; however, its role in sepsis as a therapeutic target remains under experimentation. This review describes the specific functions of the JAK / STAT pathway, its role in sepsis, and presents a translational approach to the therapeutic perspective aiming to inhibit this signaling pathway during sepsis and its interaction with inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19.

The Janus-Kinase signal transducer and the transcription activation pathway known as JAK /STAT is a major signaling pathway for the transduction of information in many inflammatory cytokines involved during sepsis. The JAK / STAT pathway has been shown to be strongly related to multiorgan failure, and many cytokines can exert their biological effects through this pathway. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding functions of this complex; however, its role in sepsis as a therapeutic target remains under experimentation. This review describes the specific functions of the JAK / STAT pathway, its role in sepsis, and presents a translational approach to the therapeutic perspective aiming to inhibit this signaling pathway during sepsis and its interaction with inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19.