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1
artículo
Publicado 2009
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Drilling and blasting is generally used for fragmenting hard in situ rock in mine excavation. This method however, in addition of being expensive, it causes environmental pollution by noice, dust, vibrations and gases. It may also generate social conflicts with native communities around the mining operation as it disturbs and alters the inhabitants safety and health. Consequently, it is important to develop non drilling and blasting rock breackage methods. This can be achieved by both appropriate usage of continuous mining systems in hard rock and ingenious use of the rock tensile resistance which is ten to thirty times lower than its compressive strength. Most of the current drilling systems make use of the compressive resistance to drill and blast rock with explosives. There is no domestic experience of hard rock mining with continuos miners. The unique continuous miner adquired by an ...
2
artículo
The objective of this research work is to provide a new predictive approach to fragmentation in the rock blasting processes, developed based on the Kuz-Ram model, Multivariate Analysis techniques (MVA) and Artificial Neural Network techniques (ANN).The objective of the new approach predictive approach to (X50), fragmentation is based on the fact that this research, would provide us with an optimization in the metallurgical mining operations, because delivering an optimal fragmentation requerid for the grinding processes, it could minimize their times and maximize their productivity.
3
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The objective of the present work is to contribute in calculating approximately the best perpendicular distance from the center of the drill (cylindrical hole) of production to the nearest free face called Burden (B), being the most important factor in the design of the blasting in the Merced quarry, to optimize the fragment size at 35 c.m. required and contribute in the management of the risks in the blasting of the quarry. For this, tests have been carried out in the different limestone rock blasts in the quarry called the Merced located in the district of Chilca - Lima, where it was determined that the best mathematical model for the calculation of the burden is that of López Jimeno (1980) for drills with 1,5-inch diameter perforations and with a drilling length of 8 feet; where the intervening variables are: diameter of the drill, the density of the rock, seismic velocity of the roc...
4
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The objective of the present work is to contribute in calculating approximately the best perpendicular distance from the center of the drill (cylindrical hole) of production to the nearest free face called Burden (B), being the most important factor in the design of the blasting in the Merced quarry, to optimize the fragment size at 35 c.m. required and contribute in the management of the risks in the blasting of the quarry. For this, tests have been carried out in the different limestone rock blasts in the quarry called the Merced located in the district of Chilca - Lima, where it was determined that the best mathematical model for the calculation of the burden is that of López Jimeno (1980) for drills with 1,5-inch diameter perforations and with a drilling length of 8 feet; where the intervening variables are: diameter of the drill, the density of the rock, seismic velocity of the roc...
5
artículo
Publicado 2009
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La fragmentación de roca dura in situ en una operación minera, generalmente se efectúa por perforación y voladura. Pero este método además de ser costoso, origina polución del medio ambiente por ruido, polvo, vibraciones, gases y hasta conflictos con las comunidades cercanas a la operación minera porque perturba la tranquilidad y seguridad de los pobladores. Urgen, por lo tanto, métodos de fragmentar la roca sin perforación y voladura. Esto puede lograrse con el conocimiento apropiado de los métodos de minado continuo en roca dura y con el eficiente aprovechamiento de la resistencia a la tensión de la roca que es del orden de 10 a 30 veces menor que la resistencia a la compresión. La mayoría de los equipos de perforación actuales hacen uso de la resistencia a la compresión de la roca para perforar y usar explosivos para fragmentar roca. No hay experiencia en el uso de min...
6
artículo
Drilling and blasting in a mining operation is essential, since the efficiency of subsequent operations depends on it. However, blasting also has negative effects, which can be minimized by selecting explosives according to the rock type. The most commonly used explosive is the ANFO, whose power can be regulated, adding aluminum in different percentages depending on the rock type (according to Bieniawski or Barton classification). To carry out this study, blasting tests were carried out in the Condestable Mine, with ANFO aluminized up to 6% of powdered aluminum, carrying out the loading of drills with compressed air at 80 PSI of pressure and priming with cartridge emulsion, under these conditions, linear charge concentrations and total charge per hole were determined. From the analysis of 20 parameters, it is concluded that the optimal formulation of aluminized ANFO for primary blasting ...
7
artículo
La finalidad del presente trabajo de investigación, es proporcionar un nuevo enfoque predictivo de la fragmentación en los Procesos de Voladura de Rocas, desarrollado en base al modelo KUZ-RAM, técnicas de Análisis Multivariante (MVA) y técnicas de Redes Neuronales Artificiales (ANN).El objetivo del nuevo enfoque predictivo de la fragmentación (X50), se sustenta en que dicha investigación nos proporcionaría una optimización en las operaciones minerometalúrgicas, pues entregando una óptima fragmentación requerida para los procesos de molienda, se podría minimizar sus tiempos y maximizar su productividad.
8
tesis de grado
Publicado 2016
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La investigación fue realizada en la cantera Mitopampa ubicada en la provincia de Hualgayoc departamento de Cajamarca, en el proceso de perforación y voladura. La presente tesis expone una optimización de los procesos de perforación y voladura, un estudio de los diferentes métodos de perforación y voladura para seleccionar el más adecuado. Los patrones propuestos parten del estudio de diferentes métodos de cálculo, siendo estos; El método Sueco, el método Konya, el método de proporcionalidad, el método propuesto por López-Jimeno y el método de Langefords, para estimar el tamaño de la fragmentación producto de la perforación y voladura. En tal sentido, se dedujo que el método propuesto por López-Jimeno es el más idóneo para el cálculo de un adecuado patrón de voladura. El informe de la investigación realizada consta de siete capítulos: introducción; marco teóri...
9
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The objective of this work was to show the optimization generated by the implementation of the pumpable emulsion in underground mining and tunneling; having as scientific basis the technical studies carried out in the mining units: Condestable, Pallancata, Huarón and Andaychahua. In order to obtain: a reduction in operating costs, mitigation of polluting gases and reduction of the damage induced to the rocky massif; It was proposed to replace our Emulnor baseline with an explosive that would allow us to achieve the aforementioned objectives, concluding after various tests that the best optimization alternative was provided by Emulfrag, since compared to the baseline, it allowed us to generate savings of 26.9 USS / m for soft rock, 26.9 USS / m for medium rock and 26.9 USS / m for hard rock; Regarding polluting gases, the emission of carbon monoxide was reduced by 55.3% and by an average...
10
artículo
Publicado 2019
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
11
artículo
Publicado 2022
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To control the overbreaking of an underground mining development gallery, the controlled blasting technique was proposed and as a result it was possible to reduce costs and improve the physical stability of the periphery of the opening, achieving greater safety for personnel and equipment. With the support of the geomechanical studies, the rock quality of the advancing front was determined, serving for the design of the drilling mesh and the choice and distribution of the explosives in the respective drills. This study demonstrates that it is possible to make progress in efficient mining preparation and development work, achieving minimal damage to the roof and walls of the mining work. Performing the simulation with the software determines a difference between conventional blasting with the design of the pre-cut technique, optimizing the parameters of the perforation mesh, selection of ...
12
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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El desarrollo del trabajo de investigación considera el análisis de las variables de perforación y voladura y su influencia en la sobrerotura producto del avance en cruceros de 5 x 4.5 m., desarrollados en rocas volcánicas y diques de andesita , que afecta directamente el rendimiento de los equipos de acarreo . El trabajo se desarrolló en los diferentes cruceros de sección de 5 x 4.5 de los nivel es 1710, 1740 y 1850, del ore body OB6, durante los escenarios base (febrero y marzo) y optimizado (abril y mayo) , desarrollada en la empresa minera INMET . La tesis aplica el método inductivo – deductivo, donde el objetivo es el control de la sobrerotur a y la mejora del rendimiento de equipos de acarreo . Se analiza los parámetros de perforación y voladura como longitudes de perforación, número de taladros, factor de potencia, kilogramos de explosivos, etc. y así relacionar el v...
13
artículo
Publicado 2019
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
14
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The objective of this study is to predict the quantity of ANFO required for bench blasting in an open pit mine in Peru, through the application of advanced machine learning techniques. Six models were selected: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNMLP), Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines for Regression (SVR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Bayesian Regression (BR), due to their ability to handle complex multidimensional data and their success in similar applications, such as rock fragmentation prediction. The methodology included the collection of data from 208 drill holes, which were divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) sets. The models were evaluated using RMSE, MSE, MAE, and R2. The KNN model showed the best performance, with an R2 of 0.84, RMSE of 2.37, MSE of 5.60, and MAE of 1.35, standing out in predictive accura...
15
artículo
Publicado 2020
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
16
artículo
Publicado 2009
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The tunnel boring machines (TBM) are continuous mining equipment designed for the excavation of circular tunnels until more than 15 m of diameter at the moment. The application of these machines in substitution of the conventional drilling and blasting method, is more and more frequent, including in our country, since from the first application in the Carhuaquero project (Chiclayo) at beginnings of the decade of 1980, spent almost 18 years for the following application in the Chimay project (1998-1999); soon between years 2000-2004 in hydroelectric project of Yuncan, they were applied to 2 TBM (only a year after the application in Chimay) and at the moment in the project it trasvase Elm trees, comes applying a TBM from the 2007. It demonstrates without a doubt, that the application of the TBMs is prominent in the present century. This article is based on the study made in the hydroelectr...
17
artículo
Publicado 2009
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The tunnel boring machines (TBM) are continuous mining equipment designed for the excavation of circular tunnels until more than 15 m of diameter at the moment. The application of these machines in substitution of the conventional drilling and blasting method, is more and more frequent, including in our country, since from the first application in the Carhuaquero project (Chiclayo) at beginnings of the decade of 1980, spent almost 18 years for the following application in the Chimay project (1998-1999); soon between years 2000-2004 in hydroelectric project of Yuncan, they were applied to 2 TBM (only a year after the application in Chimay) and at the moment in the project it trasvase Elm trees, comes applying a TBM from the 2007. It demonstrates without a doubt, that the application of the TBMs is prominent in the present century. This article is based on the study made in the hydroelectr...
18
artículo
In situ metalic mining are sistems of metal elements recovery through leaching at their primary emplacements in hard rock ore deposits by appropriate chemical solutions. The methods involve recuperation of metals from ore bodies by circulating solutions through the ore in its undisturbed geologic state and recovering these solutions for processing. In order to attain acceptable orebody permeability for flowing of leach solutions, fragmentation is a basic variable. It should be obtained by drilling and blasting with explosives or by hydrofracturing. Examples are some Southern USA in situ mining operations where rock fragmentation with explosives was succesfully tried in coyote holes or open pit blasting grids. Other significant in situ mining variables are the mineral geologic genesis which works in opposite direction to the insitu leach treatment, the natural rock porosity, the ore left ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This paper presents a blasting method called controlled trim blasting, in which the rock mass of an unstable gallery where high levels of vibration have been detected is analyzed. This methodology comprises a drilling mesh with two-contour gallery assessment, producing its drilling machines and determining the type of explosive used and burden and spacing, which will be detonated after the internal blasting. Further, the internal blasting will possess its drilling machines, burden, spacing, and a second type of explosive. The separation of the gallery into smaller parts will improve the blasting, as verified in the recorded simulation. In addition, the rock-mass stability improves because the explosives used in the perimeter of the gallery are low-power with mild detonation pressure, which does not generate high levels of vibration. This is a practical and efficient method in areas where...
20
artículo
Publicado 2019
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This paper presents a blasting method called controlled trim blasting, in which the rock mass of an unstable gallery where high levels of vibration have been detected is analyzed. This methodology comprises a drilling mesh with two-contour gallery assessment, producing its drilling machines and determining the type of explosive used and burden and spacing, which will be detonated after the internal blasting. Further, the internal blasting will possess its drilling machines, burden, spacing, and a second type of explosive. The separation of the gallery into smaller parts will improve the blasting, as verified in the recorded simulation. In addition, the rock-mass stability improves because the explosives used in the perimeter of the gallery are low-power with mild detonation pressure, which does not generate high levels of vibration. This is a practical and efficient method in areas where...
