AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN PREGNANTWOMEN AT A HOSPITAL IN TRUJILLO: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

• Autor: GARCÍA GUZMÁN, MANUEL
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/474
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/474
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Recien nacido de Bajo Peso; Embarazo; Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico; Artritis Reumatoide; Low birth weight; Obstetrics Gynecology; Medical ethics; Abortion

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a multifactorial condition that poses a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives. To determine whether autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in pregnant women constitute a risk factor for low birth weight. Methods. A retrospective, observational, case-control study was conducted at Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray (2015–2024). A total of 297 live newborns were included: 99 with LBW (<2 500 g) and 198 controls (≥2 500 g). Exclusion criteria were extreme prematurity, major congenital malformations, multiple pregnancies, and maternal age outside the 18–45 range. Clinical, obstetric, and nutritional data were collected from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify adjusted associations, expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results. Pregnant women with ARDs had a higher risk of LBW (aOR: 7.05; 95%CI: 3.48–14.28; p<0.001). Other significant associations included maternal body mass index (BMI) <25 Kg/m² (aOR: 3.00; 95%CI: 1.40–6.43; p=0.005), inadequate prenatal care (<6 visits) (aOR: 5.50; 95%CI: 3.02–10.01; p<0.001), history of preterm birth (aOR: 3.05; 95%CI: 1.32–7.03; p=0.009), presence of intrauterine growth restriction (aOR: 3.93; 95%CI: 1.44–10.67; p=0.007), and preeclampsia (aOR: 1.86; 95%CI: 1.02–3.40; p=0.044). Conclusion. ARDs are independently and significantly associated with LBW, alongside other obstetric risk factors.