FACTORES MATERNOS Y OBSTÉTRICOS ASOCIADOS AL BAJO PESO AL NACER EN NEONATOS A TÉRMINO: ESTUDIO DE CASOS Y CONTROLES

• Autor: Ambia Pacheco, Selene Xiomara
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal
• Repositorio: Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe:article/502
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/502
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Infant; Low birth weight; anemia; pre-eclampsia; smoking; alcohol drinking; Recién nacido de bajo peso; preeclampsia; fumar; consumo de bebidas alcohólicas

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) in full-term neonates is a critical indicator of perinatal health and a risk factor for future morbidity. Objectives: To identify maternal and obstetric factors associated with LBW in full-term neonates at Clínica Good Hope. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data extracted from medical records in the neonatology department of Clínica Good Hope between 2018 and 2022. Newborns with a birth weight <2,500 g were classified as cases, while those with a weight ≥2,500 g were classified as controls. The sample included 125 cases and 250 controls, selected through simple random sampling. Maternal variables assessed included age, parity, hemoglobin levels, preeclampsia, subclinical hypothyroidism, urinary tract infection (UTI), and harmful habits (alcohol, tobacco, drug use). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between LBW and alcohol consumption (aOR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.02–5.39; p=0.044), smoking (aOR=6.11; 95% CI: 1.29–28.92; p=0.022), hemoglobin <11 g/dL in the first trimester (aOR=9.77; 95% CI: 5.61–17.01; p<0.001), preeclampsia (aOR=3.19; 95% CI: 1.20–8.49; p=0.021), and subclinical hypothyroidism (aOR=10.92; 95% CI: 3.61–33.01; p<0.001). Conclusion: Preventable factors such as alcohol and tobacco use, as well as clinical conditions including maternal anemia, preeclampsia, and subclinical hypothyroidism, are associated with increased odds of LBW in full-term neonates. These associations support the implementation of early screening strategies and targeted counseling during prenatal care to reduce this adverse outcome.