Efficacy of Two Estrus Synchronization Protocols in Crossbred Gyr Dairy Cows and Their Relationship with Heat Stress in the Peruvian Tropics

• Autores: Vásquez Tarrillo, Ronald Will, Hernández Guevara, José E., Depaz Hizo, Benjamín Alberto, Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo, Poclín Rojas, Annie Yoselin, Rojas Reategui, Marisol, Segura Portocarrero, Gleni T., Juarez Moreno, Jorge D., Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
• Repositorio: INIA-Institucional
• Lenguaje: inglés
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.inia.gob.pe:20.500.12955/2841
• Enlace del recurso: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2841; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090804
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Tropical livestock; Estrus synchronization; Prolonged proestrus; Gyr; THI (temperature-humidity index); Ganado tropical; Sincronización del estro; Proestro prolongado; THI (índice de temperatura y humedad); https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.03.01; Ganado bovino; Inseminación artificial; Ganado de leche; Reproducción animal; Cattle; Artificial insemination; Dairy cattle; Animal reproduction

The performance of estrus synchronization protocols may be influenced by stressful environmental conditions, even in tropically adapted cattle. This study evaluated the efficacy of two synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in crossbred Gyr dairy cows and their relationship with heat stress under Peruvian tropical conditions. Multiparous lactating cows under semi-intensive systems were synchronized and divided into two groups: the conventional protocol (PC9) and the prolonged proestrus protocol (J-Synch6). Estrus manifestation, pregnancy rate, and their association with the temperature–humidity index (THI) were analyzed across seven phases of the FTAI program (73 days). In PC9 cows, no significant effect of the number of hours in each heat stress category according to THI was found. Conversely, in J-Synch6 cows, more hours in Category 0 (THI < 72) during Phases 1 to 4 (follicular emergence to preovulatory follicle) had a positive effect on the estrus manifestation, whereas in Phase 3 (follicular growth), higher exposure to Category 3 (THI ≥ 83) had a negative effect on estrus manifestation. Both protocols demonstrated similar estrus and pregnancy rates, although heat stress affected estrus rates in J-Synch6, but not pregnancy. The choice of protocol should account for heat stress risks during specific periods of the year to maximize success.