Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context

• Autores: Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique, García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz, Villar-Guevara, Miluska, Fernández-Mallma, Israel
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Universidad Autónoma del Perú
• Repositorio: AUTONOMA-Institucional
• Lenguaje: inglés
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.autonoma.edu.pe:20.500.13067/3710
• Enlace del recurso: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13067/3710; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020130
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Leadership styles; Promoting leadership; Validity; Reliability; Scale; Non-profit; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.02.04

There is no doubt that leadership is one of the most researched and disseminated topics in recent years, and over time, some distinguished models have developed a solid foundation and a reputable structure. From this perspective, this study analyzes the evidence of validity and reliability of a scale that assesses leadership styles in non-profit institutions. The study had an instrumental design. The sample consisted of 272 workers from nine Latin American countries, aged between 19 and 68 years (M = 34.08 and SD = 8.61), recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. A validity and reliability analysis of the scale confirmed the nine items and three original factors (servant, empowering and shared leadership). The KMO test reached a high level (0.898 > 0.70), and the Bartlett test reached a highly significant level (Sig. = 0.000). The scale also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.918 to 0.956; CR = 0.918 to 0.957; AVE = 0.755 to 0.880). Likewise, for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, a measurement adjustment was performed, obtaining excellent and acceptable fit indices for Model 2 (CMIN/DF = 1.794; CFI = 0.993; SRMR = 0.023; RMSEA = 0.054; Pclose = 0.369). This study provides a brief and useful tool to measure leadership styles in Latin America, as a scale used specifically for this context would allow for a more accurate and valid assessment. This is crucial for generating effective organizational interventions, fostering the development of authentic leaders, and improving the competitiveness of non-profit institutions.