The article is based on the approaches of the Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin. Bakhtin proposes the concepts of carnivalization and polyphony as central categories of his literary theory. Likewise, in his analysis of Dostoevsky’s work, he affirms that the polyphonic novel is rarely presented in literature, and that this category cannot be applied to any literary work, but that it must comply with certain presuppositions. The article attempts to demonstrate that the Argentine writer Ernesto Sábato’s novel Sobre héroes y tumbas (On Heroes and Tombs) fits this concept due to the carnivalesque world it presents and the multitude of autonomous voices that appear in it. Furthermore, it examines the voices present in the novel by classifying them and explaining their structural importance in the work.

El presente artículo intenta revisar y poner en relación algunos de los conceptos más importantes que la crítica literaria ha concebido para aproximarse a la obra fundacionaldel Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios reales de los incas. Estos son: el método filológico de Garcilaso como garante de su discurso, la oscilación del sujeto mestizo enlos Comentarios y el discurso de la abundancia en relación con la naturaleza americana. Para ello, me centraré en los libros VIII y IX de la obra, dedicados a presentar los productosnaturales, tanto propios de América como importados de España.